Modern biological research has produced increasing number of promising therapeutic
possibilities for medical treatment. These include for example growth factors, monoclonal …

Drug delivery to the posterior eye segment is an important challenge in ophthalmology,
because many diseases affect the retina and choroid leading to impaired vision or blindness. …

The outermost layer of the skin, stratum corneum (SC), provides an outstanding barrier
against the external environment and is also responsible for skin impermeability toward most …

Over the recent years, various materials have been introduced as potential 3D cell culture
scaffolds. These include protein extracts, peptide amphiphiles, and synthetic polymers. …

Estradiol has been widely used for the treatment of hormonal insufficiencies. Due to its extensive
first pass metabolism after oral administration, transdermal administration of estradiol in …

Most ocular diseases are treated with topical application of eyedrops. After instillation of an
eyedrop, typically less than 5% of the applied drug penetrates the cornea and reaches …

Complexes of DNA with cationic lipids and cationic polymers are frequently used for gene
transfer. Extracellular interactions of the complexes with anionic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) …

PURPOSE: To characterize quantitatively the paracellular permeation routes in rabbit cornea,
conjunctiva, and sclera using polyethylene glycol (PEG) oligomers. METHODS: Corneal, …

Corneal epithelium and blood–retina barrier (ie retinal capillaries and retinal pigment
epithelium (RPE)) are the key membranes that regulate the access of xenobiotics into the ocular …

LAT1 and LAT2 are heterodimeric large amino acid transporters that are expressed in various
tissues, including the intestinal wall, blood–brain barrier, and kidney. These transporters …