DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that is essential for gene silencing and genome
stability in many organisms. Although methyltransferases that promote DNA methylation …

30 years after the identification of WNTs, their signal transduction has become increasingly
complex, with the discovery of more than 15 receptors and co-receptors in seven protein …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been implicated in diverse cellular processes
including apoptosis, cell survival, chemotaxis, cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and …

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is important in stem cell biology, embryonic development, and disease,
including cancer. However, the mechanism of Wnt signal transmission, notably how the …

The Spemann organizer in amphibian embryos is a tissue with potent head-inducing activity,
the molecular nature of which is unresolved. Here we describe dickkopf-1 (dkk-1), which …

R‐spondins are secreted Wnt signalling agonists, which regulate embryonic patterning and
stem cell proliferation, but whose mechanism of action is poorly understood. Here we show …

The Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins mediate cell–cell interactions during cell growth and
differentiation in both embryos and adults 1 , 2 . Canonical Wnt signalling by way of the β-…

Wnt glycoproteins have been implicated in diverse processes during embryonic patterning
in metazoa. They signal through frizzled-type seven-transmembrane-domain receptors to …

Multiple signaling pathways, including Wnt signaling, participate in animal development,
stem cell biology, and human cancer. Although many components of the Wnt pathway have …

Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, including TGF-β, bone
morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), activins and nodals, are vital for regulating growth and …