Aims: The NADPH oxidase (NOX) family of enzymes catalyzes the formation of reactive
oxygen species (ROS). NOX enzymes not only have a key role in a variety of physiological …

Oral administration of drugs to laboratory rodents typically is achieved by using the gavage
technique. Although highly effective, this method occasionally can cause esophageal injury …

The gut microbiota possesses diverse metabolic activities, but its contribution toward
heterogeneous toxicological responses is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role …

Rationale Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor,
has been shown to play a role in multiple physiological processes including appetite …

Identification of molecular mechanisms underlying early stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is
important for the development of new therapies against and diagnosis of AD. In this study, …

Physiological alterations that may change pharmacological response accompany aging.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) used in the …

A sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) bioanalytical method
was developed and validated to analyze lipoic acid (LA) in rat blood and brain samples. …

3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a potent irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial complex II enzyme,
leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Huntington’s disease (HD) rat …

In this study, the correlation between the metabolic profiles of rats undergoing cognition
enhancement drug therapy and their associated cognitive behavioral outcomes were …

Accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) in brain is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Aβ is generated after sequential cleavage of its parental molecule, amyloid precursor …