Insects exposed to pesticides undergo strong natural selection and have developed various
adaptive mechanisms to survive. Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the malaria vector …

Malaria control relies heavily on pyrethroid insecticides, to which susceptibility is declining
in Anopheles mosquitoes. To combat pyrethroid resistance, application of alternative …

In the last decade there have been marked reductions in malaria incidence in sub-Saharan
Africa. Sustaining these reductions will rely upon insecticides to control the mosquito malaria …

Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae is a major
threat to malaria control programmes. Cytochome P450-mediated detoxification is an important …

Pyrethroid insecticides are critical for malaria control in Africa. However, resistance to this
insecticide class in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus is spreading rapidly across Africa, …

The neonicotinoid imidacloprid is one of the most important insecticides worldwide. It is used
extensively against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), an insect pest of …

Background Pyrethroids are increasingly used to block the transmission of diseases spread
by Aedes aegypti such as dengue and yellow fever. However, insecticide resistance poses a …

Primaquine (PQ) is an essential antimalarial drug but despite being developed over 70 years
ago, its mode of action is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that hydroxylated-PQ metabolites (…

The development of resistance to insecticides has become a classic exemplar of evolution
occurring within human time scales. In this study we demonstrate how resistance to DDT in …

Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) play a crucial role in the control of blood flow, memory formation,
and the immune response. These proteins can be structurally divided into oxygenase …