… B Kevin Park, Neil R Kitteringham, and Paul M O'Neill … Park BK, Kitteringham NR. 1994.
Effects of fluorine substitution on drug-metabolism—pharmacological and toxicological …

Methods We conducted a search on the BIDS ISI database between 1981 and 1997 using
key words such as toxicity and hypersensitivity combined with drug. The references most …

▪ Abstract The importance of reactive metabolites in the pathogenesis of drug-induced
toxicity has been a focus of research interest since pioneering investigations in the 1950s …

Liver biology and function, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and liver diseases are difficult to
study using current in vitro models such as primary human hepatocyte (PHH) monolayer …

The conventional pipeline for biomarker development involves a discovery phase, typically
conducted by mass spectrometry (MS), followed by validation and clinical application, usually …

Background & Aims Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), differentiated from pluripotent stem cells by
the use of soluble factors, can model human liver function and toxicity. However, at present …

The metabolic biotransformation of xenobiotics to chemically reactive metabolites can, in
some instances, underlie the pathogenesis of certain adverse drug reactions, due to the …

Unprecedented developments in stem cell research herald a new era of hope and expectation
for novel therapies. However, they also present a major challenge for regulators since …

Background Nrf2 is a key transcriptional regulator of a battery of genes that facilitate phase II/III
drug metabolism and defence against oxidative stress. Nrf2 is largely regulated by Keap1…

Nrf2 regulates the expression of numerous cytoprotective genes in mammalian cells. The
activity of Nrf2 is regulated by the Cul3 adaptor Keap1, yet little is known regarding …