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Research ArticleArticle

Direct Detection of Antipyrine Metabolites in Rat Urine by13C Labeling and NMR Spectroscopy

Kazuki Akira, Eiji Negishi, Chiseko Sakuma and Takao Hashimoto
Drug Metabolism and Disposition November 1999, 27 (11) 1248-1253;
Kazuki Akira
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Eiji Negishi
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Chiseko Sakuma
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Takao Hashimoto
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Abstract

Antipyrine is a useful probe to evaluate variation of in vivo activities of oxidative hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Here we describe a new approach using 13C labeling and NMR spectroscopy for the direct and simultaneous detection of all phase I and phase II metabolites of antipyrine in rat urine. [C-methyl-13C]Antipyrine was synthesized and administered orally to rats (100 mg/kg), and the 0- to 24-h postdose urine was analyzed by 100-MHz 13C NMR spectroscopy under the conditions of distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer without any pretreatments such as deconjugation, chromatographic separation, and solvent extraction. Consequently, all the major metabolites in urine were successfully detected with favorable signal-to-noise ratios in the limited acquisition time (30 min). The assignments of the resonances were performed by enzymic modification and spiking authentic samples. The reproducibility of the NMR detection was sufficient for the quantitative evaluation of the metabolic profile. Effects of 3-methylcholanthrene on antipyrine metabolism were examined by this approach to evaluate variation of in vivo phase I and phase II metabolism of antipyrine in rats. The present approach is useful and practical to evaluate variation of in vivo activities of conjugation enzymes as well as oxidation enzymes responsible for the formation of antipyrine metabolites in rats. This direct approach would enhance the value of the antipyrine test because of the simplicity and convenience.

Footnotes

  • Send reprint requests to: Kazuki Akira Ph.D., School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.

  • Abbreviations used are::
    HMA
    3-hydroxymethylantipyrine
    DEPT
    distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer
    MS
    mass spectra
    3-MC
    3-methylcholanthrene
    HMA-G
    3-hydroxymethylantipyrine glucuronide
    NORA
    norantipyrine
    NORA-S
    norantipyrine sulfate
    NORA-G
    norantipyrine glucuronide
    OHA
    4-hydroxyantipyrine
    OHA-S
    4-hydroxyantipyrine sulfate
    OHA-G
    4-hydroxyantipyrine glucuronide
    DOHA
    4,4′-dihydroxyantipyrine
    DOHA-S
    4,4′-dihydroxyantipyrine sulfate
    HM-NORA
    3-hydroxymethyl-norantipyrine
    I.S.
    internal standard
    • Received January 25, 1999.
    • Accepted July 15, 1999.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 27 (11)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 27, Issue 11
1 Nov 1999
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Research ArticleArticle

Direct Detection of Antipyrine Metabolites in Rat Urine by13C Labeling and NMR Spectroscopy

Kazuki Akira, Eiji Negishi, Chiseko Sakuma and Takao Hashimoto
Drug Metabolism and Disposition November 1, 1999, 27 (11) 1248-1253;

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Research ArticleArticle

Direct Detection of Antipyrine Metabolites in Rat Urine by13C Labeling and NMR Spectroscopy

Kazuki Akira, Eiji Negishi, Chiseko Sakuma and Takao Hashimoto
Drug Metabolism and Disposition November 1, 1999, 27 (11) 1248-1253;
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