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Research ArticleArticle

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Hydroxytyrosol, a Natural Antioxidant from Olive Oil

Stefania D'Angelo, Caterina Manna, Valentina Migliardi, Orazio Mazzoni, Patrizia Morrica, Giovanni Capasso, Gabriele Pontoni, Patrizia Galletti and Vincenzo Zappia
Drug Metabolism and Disposition November 2001, 29 (11) 1492-1498;
Stefania D'Angelo
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Caterina Manna
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Valentina Migliardi
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Orazio Mazzoni
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Patrizia Morrica
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Giovanni Capasso
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Gabriele Pontoni
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Patrizia Galletti
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Vincenzo Zappia
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Abstract

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) is the majoro-diphenol detectable in extra virgin olive oil, either in free or esterified form. Despite its relevant biological effects, mainly related to its antioxidant properties, little data have been reported so far on its toxicity and metabolism. The aim of the present work is to evaluate DOPET toxicity and to investigate its molecular pharmacokinetics by using the 14C-labeled diphenol. When orally administered to rats, the molecule does not show appreciable toxicity up to 2 g/kg b.wt. To identify and quantify its metabolites, [14C]DOPET has been synthesized and intravenously injected in rats. The pharmacokinetic analysis indicates a fast and extensive uptake of the molecule by the organs and tissues investigated, with a preferential renal uptake. Moreover, 90% of the administered radioactivity is excreted in urine collected up to 5 h after injection, and about 5% is detectable in feces and gastrointestinal content. The characterization of the labeled metabolites, extracted from the organs and urine, has been performed by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. In all the investigated tissues, DOPET is enzymatically converted in four oxidized and/or methylated derivatives. Moreover, a significant fraction of total radioactivity is associated with the sulfo-conjugated forms, which also represent the major urinary excretion products. On the basis of the reported results, an intracellular metabolic pathway of exogenously administered DOPET, implying the involvement of catechol-O-methyltransferase, alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and phenolsulfotransferase, has been proposed.

Footnotes

  • This work was supported in part by a research grant from the International Olive Oil Council.

  • Abbreviations used are::
    DOPET
    3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol
    LDL
    low-density lipoprotein
    MOPET
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol (homovanillic alcohol)
    HVA
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid)
    DOPAC
    3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
    DOPAL
    3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
    HPLC
    high performance liquid chromatography
    TCA
    trichloroacetic acid
    COMT
    catechol-O-methyltransferase
    • Received March 5, 2001.
    • Accepted August 14, 2001.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 29 (11)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 29, Issue 11
1 Nov 2001
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Research ArticleArticle

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Hydroxytyrosol, a Natural Antioxidant from Olive Oil

Stefania D'Angelo, Caterina Manna, Valentina Migliardi, Orazio Mazzoni, Patrizia Morrica, Giovanni Capasso, Gabriele Pontoni, Patrizia Galletti and Vincenzo Zappia
Drug Metabolism and Disposition November 1, 2001, 29 (11) 1492-1498;

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Research ArticleArticle

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Hydroxytyrosol, a Natural Antioxidant from Olive Oil

Stefania D'Angelo, Caterina Manna, Valentina Migliardi, Orazio Mazzoni, Patrizia Morrica, Giovanni Capasso, Gabriele Pontoni, Patrizia Galletti and Vincenzo Zappia
Drug Metabolism and Disposition November 1, 2001, 29 (11) 1492-1498;
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