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Research ArticleArticle

The Influence of Nonspecific Microsomal Binding on Apparent Intrinsic Clearance, and Its Prediction from Physicochemical Properties

Rupert P. Austin, Patrick Barton, Scott L. Cockroft, Mark C. Wenlock and Robert J. Riley
Drug Metabolism and Disposition December 2002, 30 (12) 1497-1503; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.30.12.1497
Rupert P. Austin
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Patrick Barton
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Scott L. Cockroft
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Mark C. Wenlock
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Robert J. Riley
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Abstract

The apparent intrinsic clearance of 13 drugs has been determined using rat liver microsomes at three different concentrations of microsomal protein. The kinetics was studied using the in vitro half-life method. The nonspecific binding of these drugs to the microsomes was also studied under the same conditions, except for cofactor removal, using equilibrium dialysis. The intrinsic clearances are shown to be dependent on the microsomal concentration, but are approximately constant when corrected for the extent of nonspecific binding to the microsomes. The large difference between observed intrinsic clearance and unbound intrinsic clearance that exists for some compounds, particularly lipophilic bases, is highlighted. A simple model has been developed for understanding the binding of compounds to microsomes and is demonstrated to accurately predict the extent of microsomal binding at one concentration of microsomes from measurement at another. The binding of a further 25 drugs to rat liver microsomes at a microsomal concentration of 1 mg/ml was also studied, along with measurements of lipophilicity using octanol-water partition coefficients. It is shown that the extent of microsomal binding is correlated with lipophilicity, but that basic compounds show a different behavior to acidic and neutral compounds. Microsomal binding is shown to be best predicted using a model where logP is used for basic compounds, and logD7.4 is used for acidic and neutral compounds. This model has been developed further so that the extent of binding to microsomes of any given concentration can be estimated purely from a knowledge of lipophilicity and ionization.

Footnotes

  • Abbreviations used are::
    HPLC
    high-performance liquid chromatography
    DMSO
    dimethyl sulfoxide
    MS
    mass spectrometry
    • Received May 28, 2002.
    • Accepted September 3, 2002.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 30 (12)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 30, Issue 12
1 Dec 2002
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Research ArticleArticle

The Influence of Nonspecific Microsomal Binding on Apparent Intrinsic Clearance, and Its Prediction from Physicochemical Properties

Rupert P. Austin, Patrick Barton, Scott L. Cockroft, Mark C. Wenlock and Robert J. Riley
Drug Metabolism and Disposition December 1, 2002, 30 (12) 1497-1503; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.30.12.1497

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Research ArticleArticle

The Influence of Nonspecific Microsomal Binding on Apparent Intrinsic Clearance, and Its Prediction from Physicochemical Properties

Rupert P. Austin, Patrick Barton, Scott L. Cockroft, Mark C. Wenlock and Robert J. Riley
Drug Metabolism and Disposition December 1, 2002, 30 (12) 1497-1503; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.30.12.1497
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