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Research ArticleArticle

SULFOTRANSFERASE 1E1 IS A LOW KM ISOFORM MEDIATING THE 3-O-SULFATION OF ETHINYL ESTRADIOL

Michael L. Schrag, Donghui Cui, Thomas H. Rushmore, Magang Shou, Bennett Ma and A. David Rodrigues
Drug Metabolism and Disposition November 2004, 32 (11) 1299-1303; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.32.11.1299
Michael L. Schrag
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Donghui Cui
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Thomas H. Rushmore
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Magang Shou
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Bennett Ma
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A. David Rodrigues
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Abstract

Sulfation of ethinyl estradiol (EE) is a major pathway of first pass metabolism in both the intestine and liver. Consequently, we sought to identify the human sulfotransferases (SULTs) involved in the 3-O-sulfation of EE (EE-SULT). Based on the results described herein, cDNA-expressed human cytosolic SULT1A3 and SULT1E1 were identified as low Km isoforms (18.9 and 6.7 nM, respectively) mediating the sulfation of EE. In contrast, the EE-SULT catalyzed by other recombinant SULTs (SULT1A1 and 2A1) was a relatively high Km process (Km ≥ 230 nM). The kinetics of EE-SULT in human intestine (Km1 = 24 nM; Km2 = 1206 nM) and liver (Km1 = 8 nM; Km2 = 2407 nM) cytosol was biphasic and conformed to a two-Km model with both low and high Km components. At a low EE concentration (3 nM), inhibition of EE-SULT activity (intestinal) was characterized with 2,6-dichloro p-nitrophenol (DCNP) (IC50 = 15.6 μM) and quercetin (IC50 = 0.4 μM). When these IC50 values were compared with those derived from expressed enzyme, inhibition of EE-SULT was consistent with the SULT1E1 (DCNP, IC50 = 20 μM; quercetin, IC50 = 0.6 μM), but not SULT1A3 (DCNP, IC50 = 12.4; quercetin, IC50 = 7 μM). Moreover, when estrone (which selectively inhibits expressed SULT1E1 and SULT1A3) was included in intestinal incubations, the high-affinity component of the Eadie-Hofstee plot for EE sulfation was inhibited, converting the plot from biphasic to monophasic. Collectively, these data are consistent with SULT1E1 as the primary sulfotransferase involved in EE sulfation at clinically relevant concentrations (<10 nM).

Footnotes

  • ABBREVIATIONS: EE, ethinyl estradiol; SULT, sulfotransferase; DCNP, 2,6-dichloro p-nitrophenol; IC50, concentration of inhibitor required to reduce activity by 50%; Vmax, Michaelis-Menten constant representing maximal rate of product formation; Km, Michaelis-Menten constant representing the concentration at which the rate of product formation is one-half the maximal product formation rate; PAPS, 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate; EE-SULT, EE 3-O-sulfation; [3H]EE, 17α-[6,7-[3H(N)]]ethinyl estradiol; UGT, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography.

  • ↵1 Present address: Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543.

    • Received February 17, 2004.
    • Accepted July 30, 2004.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 32 (11)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 32, Issue 11
1 Nov 2004
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Research ArticleArticle

SULFOTRANSFERASE 1E1 IS A LOW KM ISOFORM MEDIATING THE 3-O-SULFATION OF ETHINYL ESTRADIOL

Michael L. Schrag, Donghui Cui, Thomas H. Rushmore, Magang Shou, Bennett Ma and A. David Rodrigues
Drug Metabolism and Disposition November 1, 2004, 32 (11) 1299-1303; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.32.11.1299

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Research ArticleArticle

SULFOTRANSFERASE 1E1 IS A LOW KM ISOFORM MEDIATING THE 3-O-SULFATION OF ETHINYL ESTRADIOL

Michael L. Schrag, Donghui Cui, Thomas H. Rushmore, Magang Shou, Bennett Ma and A. David Rodrigues
Drug Metabolism and Disposition November 1, 2004, 32 (11) 1299-1303; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.32.11.1299
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