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Research ArticleArticle

AN EVALUATION OF THE IN VITRO METABOLISM DATA FOR PREDICTING THE CLEARANCE AND DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION POTENTIAL OF CYP2C9 SUBSTRATES

Tommy B. Andersson, Eva Bredberg, Hans Ericsson and Helena Sjöberg
Drug Metabolism and Disposition July 2004, 32 (7) 715-721; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.32.7.715
Tommy B. Andersson
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Eva Bredberg
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Hans Ericsson
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Helena Sjöberg
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Abstract

In the early drug discovery process, metabolic stability and cytochrome P450 inhibition are often used as an early selection tool to identify useful compounds for further development. The reliability of the data in this process is therefore crucial. In the present study, in vitro enzyme kinetic data were used to predict the in vivo clearance and drug-drug interaction potential of four well known CYP2C9 substrates (tolbutamide, fluvastatin, ibuprofen and diclofenac) that are frequently used as benchmark substances in screening programs. Quantitative predictions of hepatic clearance using the well stirred prediction model and CLint calculated from enzyme kinetic measurements were not useful. Including and excluding protein binding resulted in under- and overestimation, respectively, of in vivo clearance. The only predicted in vivo clearance that fell into the range of reported measured values was for fluvastatin when protein binding was not included. In an open, randomized, seven-armed, crossover study in healthy volunteers, tolbutamide, ibuprofen, and fluvastatin were investigated as inhibitors of the metabolism of diclofenac, and vice versa. None of the combinations was found to interact with each other in vivo. The in vitro drug-drug interaction potential was investigated by Ki determinations of the same combinations. In contrast to clearance predictions, the interaction potential in vivo was best predicted when plasma protein binding was included in the various models used. This study points to the uncertainty in calculating in vivo kinetics from in vitro enzyme kinetic data. The in vitro metabolic screening can thus be questioned as a compound selection tool without a proven in vitro-in vivo correlation.

Footnotes

  • ABBREVIATIONS: DMPK, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic(s); P450, cytochrome P450; CLint, intrinsic clearance; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; AUC, area under the plasma concentration-time curve.

    • Received December 4, 2003.
    • Accepted April 1, 2004.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 32 (7)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 32, Issue 7
1 Jul 2004
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Research ArticleArticle

AN EVALUATION OF THE IN VITRO METABOLISM DATA FOR PREDICTING THE CLEARANCE AND DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION POTENTIAL OF CYP2C9 SUBSTRATES

Tommy B. Andersson, Eva Bredberg, Hans Ericsson and Helena Sjöberg
Drug Metabolism and Disposition July 1, 2004, 32 (7) 715-721; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.32.7.715

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Research ArticleArticle

AN EVALUATION OF THE IN VITRO METABOLISM DATA FOR PREDICTING THE CLEARANCE AND DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION POTENTIAL OF CYP2C9 SUBSTRATES

Tommy B. Andersson, Eva Bredberg, Hans Ericsson and Helena Sjöberg
Drug Metabolism and Disposition July 1, 2004, 32 (7) 715-721; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.32.7.715
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