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Drug Metabolism & Disposition

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Research ArticleArticle

Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Excretion of the Intestinal Peptide Transporter 1 (SLC15A1)-Targeted Prodrug (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-[(2′S)-(2-Amino)propionyl]aminobicyclo[3.1.0.]hexen-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY544344) in Rats and Dogs: Assessment of First-Pass Bioactivation and Dose Linearity

Everett J. Perkins and Trent Abraham
Drug Metabolism and Disposition October 2007, 35 (10) 1903-1909; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.107.016154
Everett J. Perkins
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Trent Abraham
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Abstract

The peptidyl prodrug (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-[(2′S)-(2-Amino)propionyl]a-minobicyclo[3.1.0.]hexen-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, also known as LY544344, was discovered to improve the oral bioavailability of the parent drug (+)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY354740), a potent group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist. This prodrug has been shown to deliver high plasma concentrations of the active drug via intestinal peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1) (PepT1)-mediated intestinal transport and presystemic hydrolysis in preclinical species. The current data describe the pharmacokinetic behavior of LY544344 and LY354740, with a specific focus on the first-pass activation processes and dose linearity in rats and dogs. The PepT1 transporter makes an attractive prodrug target because of its high capacity and relatively broad substrate specificity. This was demonstrated by the wide dose proportionality observed in both species (up to 1000 mg/kg in rats and 140 mg/kg in dogs). After oral administration of LY544344, absorption and bioactivation were extensive and rapid, with greater than 97% of prodrug hydrolysis occurring before its appearance in the hepatic portal vein. Systemic activation was likewise extensive, with 100% conversion of a 7-mg/kg intravenous dose in dogs. Radiolabeled studies confirmed that hydrolysis to LY354740 was the only metabolic pathway and that the excretion pattern of the active drug was not altered by administration of the prodrug. These results demonstrate the nearly ideal prodrug properties of LY544344 and further validate the utility of the peptide transporter-directed approach to prodrug design.

Footnotes

  • doi:10.1124/dmd.107.016154.

  • ABBREVIATIONS: hPepT1, human intestinal peptide transporter 1; LY544344, (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-[(2′S)-(2-amino)propionyl]aminobicyclo[3.1.0.]hexen-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; LY354740, (+)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; PepT1, intestinal peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1); LC/MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; AUC, area under the curve; LSC, liquid scintillation counting; TFA, trifluoroacetic acid; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography.

    • Received April 6, 2007.
    • Accepted July 19, 2007.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 35 (10)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 35, Issue 10
1 Oct 2007
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Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Excretion of the Intestinal Peptide Transporter 1 (SLC15A1)-Targeted Prodrug (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-[(2′S)-(2-Amino)propionyl]aminobicyclo[3.1.0.]hexen-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY544344) in Rats and Dogs: Assessment of First-Pass…
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Research ArticleArticle

Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Excretion of the Intestinal Peptide Transporter 1 (SLC15A1)-Targeted Prodrug (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-[(2′S)-(2-Amino)propionyl]aminobicyclo[3.1.0.]hexen-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY544344) in Rats and Dogs: Assessment of First-Pass Bioactivation and Dose Linearity

Everett J. Perkins and Trent Abraham
Drug Metabolism and Disposition October 1, 2007, 35 (10) 1903-1909; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.107.016154

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Research ArticleArticle

Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Excretion of the Intestinal Peptide Transporter 1 (SLC15A1)-Targeted Prodrug (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-[(2′S)-(2-Amino)propionyl]aminobicyclo[3.1.0.]hexen-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY544344) in Rats and Dogs: Assessment of First-Pass Bioactivation and Dose Linearity

Everett J. Perkins and Trent Abraham
Drug Metabolism and Disposition October 1, 2007, 35 (10) 1903-1909; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.107.016154
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