Abstract
Placental ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters protect placental and fetal tissues by effluxing xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites. We have investigated the effects of cytokines and survival/growth factors, implicated in various placental pathologies, on ABC transporter expression and function in primary placental trophoblast cells. Treatment of primary term trophoblasts in vitro with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin (IL)-1β decreased mRNA and protein expression of apical transporters ABCB1/multidrug resistance gene product 1 (MDR1) and ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) protein by 40 to 50% (P < 0.05). In contrast, IL-6 increased mRNA and protein expression of the basolateral transporter ABCB4/MDR3 (P < 0.05), whereas ABCC1/MRP1 expression was unaltered. Pretreatment of trophoblasts with TNF-α over 48 h resulted in significantly decreased BCRP efflux activity (increased mitoxantrone accumulation) with minimal changes in MDR1/3 activity. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor II, on the other hand, significantly increased BCRP expression at the mRNA and protein level (P < 0.05); EGF treatment also increased BCRP functional activity. Estradiol stimulated BCRP, MDR1, and MDR3 mRNA and protein expression by 40 to 60% and increased MDR1/3 functional activity (P < 0.05). Progesterone had modest positive effects on MRP1 mRNA and MDR1 protein expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that proinflammatory cytokines, sex steroids, and growth factors exert independent effects on expression of apical and basolateral placental ABC transporters in primary trophoblast. Such changes could alter placental drug disposition, increase fetal susceptibility to toxic xenobiotics, and impact on placental viability and function.
Footnotes
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This work was supported by the Maurice and Phyllis Paykel Trust. D.E. is a recipient of a Top Achiever Doctoral Scholarship from the Foundation for Research Science and Technology, New Zealand.
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Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://dmd.aspetjournals.org.
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doi:10.1124/dmd.106.011478.
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ABBREVIATIONS: ABC, ATP binding cassette; MDR multidrug resistance; BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein; MRP, multidrug resistance protein; EGF, epidermal growth factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; P4, progesterone; E2, 17β-estradiol; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL, interleukin; M199, medium 199; FCS, fetal calf serum; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; Ct, comparative threshold cycle; ANOVA, analysis of variance.
- Received June 12, 2006.
- Accepted January 16, 2007.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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