Abstract
Because rat organic cation transporter 1 (Oct1, SLC22a1) is expressed mainly in the liver and mediates drug transport, its activity may determine the hepatic handling of cationic drugs. Here, we studied the regulation mechanism of the expression of Oct1, focusing on the nuclear receptors. In vitro studies using cultured hepatocytes indicated that expression of Oct1 was up-regulated by treatment with pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile (PCN) and by overexpression of rat pregnane X receptor (PXR). In addition, isolated rat hepatocytes exhibited an increase of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) uptake on treatment with PCN. When rats were subcutaneously administered PCN, an increase of biliary excretion clearance and distribution volume was observed for drugs such as MPP+, metformin, and tetraethylammonium, although the effects on pharmacokinetic parameters were variable among the tested drugs. In addition, the expression of Oct2 in kidney was increased by treatment with PCN. Thus, PXR ligands appear to regulate the expression of organic cation transporters in rats and thereby to influence the pharmacokinetic properties of cationic drugs. Because PXR ligands include various clinically used drugs, alterations of hepatic drug handling may arise from interactions between cationic drugs that are substrates of Oct1 and ligands of PXR.
Footnotes
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This study was supported in part by a Grant in Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan.
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doi:10.1124/dmd.107.015842.
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ABBREVIATIONS: OCT (Oct), organic cation transporter; AUC, area under the plasma concentration-time curve; CLbile, biliary excretion clearance; Vd, distribution volume; DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; DR, direct repeat; ER, everted repeat; FBS, fetal bovine serum; G3PDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HNF4α, hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α; MPP+, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; Ntcp, sodium/taurocholate cotransporter; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PCN, pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; PXR, pregnane X receptor; PXRE, PXR response element; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; TCA, taurocholic acid; TEA, tetraethylammonium.
- Received March 16, 2007.
- Accepted June 5, 2007.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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