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Research ArticleArticle

Differential Genotype Dependent Inhibition of CYP2C9 in Humans

Vikas Kumar, Richard C. Brundage, William S. Oetting, Ilo E. Leppik and Timothy S. Tracy
Drug Metabolism and Disposition July 2008, 36 (7) 1242-1248; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.108.020396
Vikas Kumar
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Richard C. Brundage
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William S. Oetting
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Ilo E. Leppik
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Timothy S. Tracy
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Abstract

The effects of genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., CYP2C9*3) on drug clearance have been well characterized but much less is known about whether these polymorphisms alter susceptibility to drug-drug interactions. Previous in vitro work has demonstrated that genotype-dependent inhibition of CYP2C9 mediated flurbiprofen metabolism, suggesting the possibility of genotype-dependent inhibition interactions in vivo. In the current study, flurbiprofen was used as a probe substrate and fluconazole as a prototypical inhibitor to investigate whether genotype-dependent inhibition of CYP2C9 occurs in vivo. From 189 healthy volunteers who were genotyped for CYP2C9 polymorphisms, 11 control subjects (CYP2C9*1/*1), 9 heterozygous and 2 homozygous for the CYP2C9*3 allele participated in the pharmacokinetic drug interaction study. Subjects received a single 50-mg oral dose of flurbiprofen alone or after administration of either 200 or 400 mg of fluconazole for 7 days using an open, randomized, crossover design. Flurbiprofen and fluconazole plasma concentrations along with flurbiprofen and 4′-hydroxyflurbiprofen urinary excretion were monitored. Flurbiprofen apparent oral clearance differed significantly among the three genotype groups (p < 0.05) at baseline but not after pretreatment with 400 mg of fluconazole for 7 days. Changes in flurbiprofen apparent oral clearance after fluconazole coadministration were gene dose-dependent, with virtually no change occurring in *3/*3 subjects. Analysis of fractional clearances suggested that the fraction metabolized by CYP2C9, as influenced by genotype, determined the degree of drug interaction observed. In summary, the presence of CYP2C9*3 alleles (either one or two alleles) can alter the degree of drug interaction observed upon coadministration of inhibitors.

Footnotes

  • This study was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants GM069753 (to T.S.T.) and M01-RR00400 (to University of Minnesota General Clinical Research Center).

  • Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://dmd.aspetjournals.org.

  • doi:10.1124/dmd.108.020396.

  • ABBREVIATIONS: P450, cytochrome P450; AUC, area under the curve; ANOVA, analysis of variance.

  • ↵1 Current affiliation: Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer, Inc., St. Louis, MO.

    • Received January 5, 2008.
    • Accepted March 27, 2008.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 36 (7)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 36, Issue 7
1 Jul 2008
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Research ArticleArticle

Differential Genotype Dependent Inhibition of CYP2C9 in Humans

Vikas Kumar, Richard C. Brundage, William S. Oetting, Ilo E. Leppik and Timothy S. Tracy
Drug Metabolism and Disposition July 1, 2008, 36 (7) 1242-1248; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.108.020396

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Research ArticleArticle

Differential Genotype Dependent Inhibition of CYP2C9 in Humans

Vikas Kumar, Richard C. Brundage, William S. Oetting, Ilo E. Leppik and Timothy S. Tracy
Drug Metabolism and Disposition July 1, 2008, 36 (7) 1242-1248; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.108.020396
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