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Research ArticleArticle

Prediction of the Effect of Erythromycin, Diltiazem, and Their Metabolites, Alone and in Combination, on CYP3A4 Inhibition

Xin Zhang, David R. Jones and Stephen D. Hall
Drug Metabolism and Disposition January 2009, 37 (1) 150-160; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.108.022178
Xin Zhang
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David R. Jones
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Stephen D. Hall
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Abstract

Predictive models of complex drug-drug interactions between multiple inhibitors and their metabolites have not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an interaction model for cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) that incorporated the simultaneous reversible and irreversible inhibition by multiple inhibitors. Erythromycin (ERY) and diltiazem (DTZ), and their major metabolites, N-desmethylerythromycin (nd-ERY) and N-desmethyldiltiazem (nd-DTZ), were chosen to evaluate the model. kinact (rate constant for maximal inactivation), KI (inhibitor concentration at 50% maximal inactivation), and Ki (reversible inhibition constant) were estimated for ERY, DTZ, nd-ERY, and nd-DTZ, respectively, using cDNA-expressed CYP3A4 and human liver microsomes under optimal experimental conditions. To evaluate the interaction model, combinations of inhibitors and metabolites were incubated at concentrations equal to KI, ½KI, and 2KI of each inhibitor for specified durations in both enzyme systems. The models were further evaluated by the incubation of combinations of inhibitors with the substrate testosterone for 10 min. CYP3A4 inhibition in the presence of drug mixtures was predicted from the inhibition parameters determined for each drug or metabolite alone. The CYP3A4 activity in the presence of multiple inhibitors was well predicted by the model incorporating additive irreversible inhibition as modified by mutual competitive inhibition (percent mean error and percent mean absolute error ranged from –0.06 to 0.04 and from 0.03 to 0.09, respectively). In conclusion, the additive model predicted the combined effect of multiple inhibitors on CYP3A inhibition in vitro. However, simultaneous reversible and irreversible inhibition effects should be taken into account in a reaction mixture of substrate and multiple inhibitors of CYP3A4.

Footnotes

  • Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://dmd.aspetjournals.org.

  • doi:10.1124/dmd.108.022178.

  • ABBREVIATIONS: DDIs, drug-drug interactions; AUC, area under the plasma concentration-time curve; ERY, erythromycin; DTZ, diltiazem; nd-ERY, N-desmethylerythromycin; nd-DTZ, N-desmethyldiltiazem; TES, testosterone; 6β-OH TES, 6β-hydoxytestosterone; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; rCYP3A4 (+b5), cDNA-expressed CYP3A (+b5); HLM, human liver microsome; %ME, percent mean error; %MAE, percent mean absolute error.

  • ↵1 Current affiliation: Department of Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN.

    • Received June 10, 2008.
    • Accepted October 9, 2008.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 37 (1)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 37, Issue 1
1 Jan 2009
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Research ArticleArticle

Prediction of the Effect of Erythromycin, Diltiazem, and Their Metabolites, Alone and in Combination, on CYP3A4 Inhibition

Xin Zhang, David R. Jones and Stephen D. Hall
Drug Metabolism and Disposition January 1, 2009, 37 (1) 150-160; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.108.022178

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Research ArticleArticle

Prediction of the Effect of Erythromycin, Diltiazem, and Their Metabolites, Alone and in Combination, on CYP3A4 Inhibition

Xin Zhang, David R. Jones and Stephen D. Hall
Drug Metabolism and Disposition January 1, 2009, 37 (1) 150-160; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.108.022178
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