Abstract

The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a lung carcinogen in rats and may be a cause of lung cancer in smokers. NNK is metabolized by cytochromes P450 to intermediates that react with DNA forming methyl, pyridyloxobutyl (POB), and pyridylhydroxybutyl (PHB) adducts, which are critical in carcinogenesis. The methyl adduct O⁶-methylguanine (O⁶-methyl-G) has miscoding properties, but there are no reports on levels of this adduct in rats treated chronically with NNK in the drinking water, nor has its levels been compared with those of POB- and PHB-DNA adducts. We used liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring to quantify O⁶-methyl-G in lung and liver DNA of rats treated with a carcinogenic dose of 10 ppm of NNK in the drinking water and sacrificed after 1, 2, 5, 10, 16, and 20 weeks. The maximal level of O⁶-methyl-G in lung DNA, 2550 ± 263 fmol/mg DNA, was reached at 5 weeks and was significantly greater (P < 0.05) at that point than all other adducts (measured previously) except O²-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]thymidine. Overall levels of O⁶-methyl-G in lung were intermediate between those of total POB- and PHB-DNA adducts. In liver, the wave of O⁶-methyl-G peaked at 2 weeks while that of total POB-DNA adducts peaked at 10 weeks, and levels of total PHB-DNA adducts were low throughout. The results of this study demonstrate that substantial amounts of O⁶-methyl-G are formed at various time points in lung and liver DNA of rats treated chronically with NNK, supporting its role in carcinogenesis.