Abstract
Several antihistamine drugs including terfenadine, ebastine, and astemizole have been identified as substrates for CYP2J2. The overall importance of this enzyme in drug metabolism has not been fully explored. In this study, 139 marketed therapeutic agents and compounds were screened as potential CYP2J2 substrates. Eight novel substrates were identified that vary in size and overall topology from relatively rigid structures (amiodarone) to larger complex structures (cyclosporine). The substrates displayed in vitro intrinsic clearance values ranging from 0.06 to 3.98 μl/min/pmol CYP2J2. Substrates identified for CYP2J2 are also metabolized by CYP3A4. Extracted ion chromatograms of metabolites observed for albendazole, amiodarone, astemizole, thioridazine, mesoridazine, and danazol showed marked differences in the regioselectivity of CYP2J2 and CYP3A4. CYP3A4 commonly metabolized compounds at multiple sites, whereas CYP2J2 metabolism was more restrictive and limited, in general, to a single site for large compounds. Although the CYP2J2 active site can accommodate large substrates, it may be more narrow than CYP3A4, limiting metabolism to moieties that can extend closer toward the active heme iron. For albendazole, CYP2J2 forms a unique metabolite compared with CYP3A4. Albendazole and amiodarone were evaluated in various in vitro systems including recombinant CYP2J2 and CYP3A4, pooled human liver microsomes (HLM), and human intestinal microsomes (HIM). The Michaelis-Menten-derived intrinsic clearance of N-desethyl amiodarone was 4.6 greater in HLM than in HIM and 17-fold greater in recombinant CYP3A4 than in recombinant CYP2J2. The resulting data suggest that CYP2J2 may be an unrecognized participant in first-pass metabolism, but its contribution is minor relative to that of CYP3A4.
Footnotes
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Salary support for J.P.J. was provided by the University of Washington, School of Pharmacy Drug Metabolism, Transporter and Pharmacogenomics Research Program funded by gifts from Abbott, Allergan, Amgen, Bend Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Hoffman-La Roche, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, and Pfizer.
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Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://dmd.aspetjournals.org.
doi:10.1124/dmd.109.030270.
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- P450
- cytochrome P450
- ClINT
- Michaelis-Menten-derived intrinsic clearance
- DMSO
- dimethyl sulfoxide
- LC
- liquid chromatography
- MS/MS
- tandem mass spectrometry
- HPLC
- high-performance liquid chromatography
- HLM
- human liver microsomes
- HIM
- human intestinal microsomes
- Clint
- intrinsic clearance
- AIC
- Akaike information criterion
- amu
- atomic mass unit
- r
- recombinant.
- Received September 17, 2009.
- Accepted November 17, 2009.
- Copyright © 2010 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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