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Research ArticleArticle

Application of the Fluorescent Probe 1-Anilinonaphthalene-8-Sulfonate to the Measurement of the Nonspecific Binding of Drugs to Human Liver Microsomes

James A. McLure, Donald J. Birkett, David J. Elliot, J. Andrew Williams, Andrew Rowland and John O. Miners
Drug Metabolism and Disposition September 2011, 39 (9) 1711-1717; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.111.039354
James A. McLure
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Donald J. Birkett
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David J. Elliot
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J. Andrew Williams
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Andrew Rowland
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John O. Miners
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Abstract

The fluorescence of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) in the presence of human liver microsomes (HLMs) is altered by drugs that bind nonspecifically to the lipid bilayer. The present study characterized the relationship between the nonspecific binding (NSB) of drugs to HLMs as measured by equilibrium dialysis and the magnitude of the change in baseline ANS fluorescence. Fraction unbound in incubations of HLMs (fu(mic)) was determined for 16 drugs (12 bases, 3 acids, and 1 neutral) with log P values in the range 0.1 to 6.7 at three concentrations (100, 200, and 500 μM). Changes in ANS fluorescence induced by each of the drugs in the presence of HLMs were measured by spectrofluorometry. Values of fu(mic) determined by equilibrium dialysis ranged from 0.08 to 1.0. Although NSB of the basic drugs tended to increase with increasing log P, exceptions occurred. Basic drugs generally caused an increase in ANS fluorescence, whereas the acidic and neutral drugs resulted in a decrease in ANS fluorescence. There were highly significant (p < 0.001) linear relationships between the modulus (absolute value) of the increment/decrement in ANS fluorescence and both fu(mic) (r = 0.90 to 0.96) and log(1 − fu(mic)/fu(mic)) (r = 0.85 to 0.92) at the three drug concentrations. Agreement between measured fu(mic) and that predicted by ANS fluorescence was very good (<10% variance) for a validation set of six compounds. The ANS fluorescence method provides an accurate measure of the NSB of drugs to HLMs. Physicochemical determinants other than log P and charge type influence the NSB of drugs to HLMs.

Footnotes

  • This work was supported by a project grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and Pfizer Global Research.

  • Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://dmd.aspetjournals.org.

    doi:10.1124/dmd.111.039354.

  • ABBREVIATIONS:

    CLint
    intrinsic clearance for a pathway
    HLM
    human liver microsomes
    ANS
    1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate
    fu(mic)
    fraction of drug unbound in the incubation mixture
    NSB
    nonspecific binding
    PB
    phosphate buffer
    HPLC
    high-performance liquid chromatography.

  • Received March 7, 2011.
  • Accepted May 23, 2011.
  • Copyright © 2011 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 39 (9)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 39, Issue 9
1 Sep 2011
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Research ArticleArticle

Application of the Fluorescent Probe 1-Anilinonaphthalene-8-Sulfonate to the Measurement of the Nonspecific Binding of Drugs to Human Liver Microsomes

James A. McLure, Donald J. Birkett, David J. Elliot, J. Andrew Williams, Andrew Rowland and John O. Miners
Drug Metabolism and Disposition September 1, 2011, 39 (9) 1711-1717; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.111.039354

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Research ArticleArticle

Application of the Fluorescent Probe 1-Anilinonaphthalene-8-Sulfonate to the Measurement of the Nonspecific Binding of Drugs to Human Liver Microsomes

James A. McLure, Donald J. Birkett, David J. Elliot, J. Andrew Williams, Andrew Rowland and John O. Miners
Drug Metabolism and Disposition September 1, 2011, 39 (9) 1711-1717; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.111.039354
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