Abstract
Efavirenz is mainly cleared by CYP2B6. The CYP2B6*6 allele is associated with lower efavirenz clearance. Efavirenz clearance was predictable using in vitro data for carriers of the CYP2B6*1/*1 genotype, but the prediction in carriers of the CYP2B6*6 allele was poor. To test the hypothesis that incorporation of mechanism of reduced efavirenz metabolism by the CYP2B6*6 allele can predict the genetic effect on efavirenz pharmacokinetics, in vitro–in vivo extrapolation of efavirenz clearance was performed by physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (Simcyp Simulator; Simcyp Ltd., Sheffield, UK) using data obtained from expressed CYP2B6.1 and CYP2B6.6 as well as human liver microsomes (HLMs) with CYP2B6*1/*1, *1/*6, and *6/*6 genotypes. Simulated pharmacokinetics of a single 600-mg oral dose of efavirenz for individuals with each genotype was compared with data observed in healthy subjects genotyped for the CYP2B6*6 allele (n = 20). Efavirenz clearance for carriers of the CYP2B6*1/*1 genotype was predicted reasonably well using HLM data, but the clearance in carriers of the CYP2B6*6 allele was underpredicted using both expressed and HLM systems. Improved prediction of efavirenz clearance was obtained from expressed CYP2B6 after recalculating intersystem extrapolation factors for CYP2B6.1 and CYP2B6.6 based on in vitro intrinsic clearance of bupropion 4-hydroxylation. These findings suggest that genetic effect on both CYP2B6 protein expression and catalytic efficiency needs to be taken into account for the prediction of pharmacokinetics in individuals carrying the CYP2B6*6/*6 genotype. Expressed CYP2B6 proteins may be a reliable in vitro system to predict effect of the CYP2B6*6 allele on the metabolism of CYP2B6 substrates.
Footnotes
- Received April 16, 2013.
- Accepted July 9, 2013.
This project was supported by the National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences [Grants GM078501, GM078501-04S1, and 2R56GM067308-09A1].
Part of this study was previously presented as a poster presentation: Xu C (2012) at the 2012 American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting; 2012 March 12-17; National Harbor, Maryland; and as an abstract: Xu C, Quinney S, Guo Y, Desta Z (2012) Genotype-based In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation (IVIVE) of Efavirenz Pharmacokinetics Using a Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic model (Abstract). Clin Pharmacol Ther 91(S1):S30.
The authors declare no conflict of interest in relation to this work.
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- Copyright © 2013 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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