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Research ArticleArticle

Biotransformation of a Novel Positive Allosteric Modulator of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 Contributes to Seizure-Like Adverse Events in Rats Involving a Receptor Agonism-Dependent Mechanism

Thomas M. Bridges, Jerri M. Rook, Meredith J. Noetzel, Ryan D. Morrison, Ya Zhou, Rocco D. Gogliotti, Paige N. Vinson, Zixiu Xiang, Carrie K. Jones, Colleen M. Niswender, Craig W. Lindsley, Shaun R. Stauffer, P. Jeffrey Conn and J. Scott Daniels
Drug Metabolism and Disposition September 2013, 41 (9) 1703-1714; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.113.052084
Thomas M. Bridges
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Jerri M. Rook
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Meredith J. Noetzel
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Ryan D. Morrison
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Ya Zhou
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Rocco D. Gogliotti
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Paige N. Vinson
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Zixiu Xiang
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Carrie K. Jones
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Colleen M. Niswender
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Craig W. Lindsley
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Shaun R. Stauffer
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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P. Jeffrey Conn
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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J. Scott Daniels
Departments of Pharmacology (T.M.B., R.D.M., Y.Z., R.D.G., J.S.D., J.M.R., M.J.N., P.N.V., Z.X., C.M.N., P.J.C., C.K.J., C.W.L., S.R.S.) and Chemistry (C.W.L.),Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Abstract

Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) represents a novel strategy for therapeutic intervention into multiple central nervous system disorders, including schizophrenia. Recently, a number of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mGlu5 were discovered to exhibit in vivo efficacy in rodent models of psychosis, including PAMs possessing varying degrees of agonist activity (ago-PAMs), as well as PAMs devoid of agonist activity. However, previous studies revealed that ago-PAMs can induce seizure activity and behavioral convulsions, whereas pure mGlu5 PAMs do not induce these adverse effects. We recently identified a potent and selective mGlu5 PAM, VU0403602, that was efficacious in reversing amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats. The compound also induced time-dependent seizure activity that was blocked by coadministration of the mGlu5 antagonist, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine. Consistent with potential adverse effects induced by ago-PAMs, we found that VU0403602 had significant allosteric agonist activity. Interestingly, inhibition of VU0403602 metabolism in vivo by a pan cytochrome P450 (P450) inactivator completely protected rats from induction of seizures. P450-mediated biotransformation of VU0403602 was discovered to produce another potent ago-PAM metabolite-ligand (M1) of mGlu5. Electrophysiological studies in rat hippocampal slices confirmed agonist activity of both M1 and VU0403602 and revealed that M1 can induce epileptiform activity in a manner consistent with its proconvulsant behavioral effects. Furthermore, unbound brain exposure of M1 was similar to that of the parent compound, VU0403602. These findings indicate that biotransformation of mGlu5 PAMs to active metabolite-ligands may contribute to the epileptogenesis observed after in vivo administration of this class of allosteric receptor modulators.

Footnotes

    • Received March 21, 2013.
    • Accepted July 2, 2013.
  • This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [Grants R01-MH062646, R01-MH074953, and U01-MH087965].

  • Portions of this work were previously presented: Bridges T, Morrison R, Daniels J (2012) North American Meetings of the International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics, October 2012, Dallas, TX.

  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.113.052084.

  • ↵Embedded ImageThis article has supplemental material available at dmd.aspetjournals.org.

  • Copyright © 2013 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 41 (9)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 41, Issue 9
1 Sep 2013
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Research ArticleArticle

Biotransformation of mGlu5 PAM to Active Agonist Metabolite

Thomas M. Bridges, Jerri M. Rook, Meredith J. Noetzel, Ryan D. Morrison, Ya Zhou, Rocco D. Gogliotti, Paige N. Vinson, Zixiu Xiang, Carrie K. Jones, Colleen M. Niswender, Craig W. Lindsley, Shaun R. Stauffer, P. Jeffrey Conn and J. Scott Daniels
Drug Metabolism and Disposition September 1, 2013, 41 (9) 1703-1714; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.113.052084

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Research ArticleArticle

Biotransformation of mGlu5 PAM to Active Agonist Metabolite

Thomas M. Bridges, Jerri M. Rook, Meredith J. Noetzel, Ryan D. Morrison, Ya Zhou, Rocco D. Gogliotti, Paige N. Vinson, Zixiu Xiang, Carrie K. Jones, Colleen M. Niswender, Craig W. Lindsley, Shaun R. Stauffer, P. Jeffrey Conn and J. Scott Daniels
Drug Metabolism and Disposition September 1, 2013, 41 (9) 1703-1714; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.113.052084
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