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Research ArticleArticle

Evaluation of In Situ Generated Valproyl 1-O-β-Acyl Glucuronide in Valproic Acid Toxicity in Sandwich-Cultured Rat Hepatocytes

Jayakumar Surendradoss, Thomas K. H. Chang and Frank S. Abbott
Drug Metabolism and Disposition November 2014, 42 (11) 1834-1842; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.059352
Jayakumar Surendradoss
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Thomas K. H. Chang
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Frank S. Abbott
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract

Acyl glucuronides are reactive electrophilic metabolites implicated in the toxicity of carboxylic acid drugs. Valproyl 1-O-β-acyl glucuronide (VPA-G), which is a major metabolite of valproic acid (VPA), has been linked to the development of oxidative stress in VPA-treated rats. However, relatively little is known about the toxicity of in situ generated VPA-G and its contribution to VPA hepatotoxicity. Therefore, we investigated the effects of modulating the in situ formation of VPA-G on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (a marker of necrosis), BODIPY 558/568 C12 accumulation (a marker of steatosis), and cellular glutathione (GSH) content in VPA-treated sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes. VPA increased LDH release and BODIPY 558/568 C12 accumulation, whereas it had little or no effect on total GSH content. Among the various uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase inducers evaluated, β-naphthoflavone produced the greatest increase in VPA-G formation. This was accompanied by an attenuation of the increase in BODIPY 558/568 C12 accumulation, but did not affect the change in LDH release or total GSH content in VPA-treated hepatocytes. Inhibition of in situ formation of VPA-G by borneol was not accompanied by substantive changes in the effects of VPA on any of the toxicity markers. In a comparative study, in situ generated diclofenac glucuronide was not toxic to rat hepatocytes, as assessed using the same chemical modulators, thereby demonstrating the utility of the sandwich-cultured rat hepatocyte model. Overall, in situ generated VPA-G was not toxic to sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes, suggesting that VPA glucuronidation per se is not expected to be a contributing mechanism for VPA hepatotoxicity.

Footnotes

    • Received June 2, 2014.
    • Accepted August 21, 2014.
  • This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [Grant MOP-13744 to F.S.A. and T.K.H.C.]. J.S. received a Four Year Doctoral Fellowship from University of British Columbia. T.K.H.C. received a Senior Scholar Award from the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research.

  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.059352.

  • Copyright © 2014 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 42 (11)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 42, Issue 11
1 Nov 2014
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Research ArticleArticle

Evaluating Toxicity of VPA Glucuronide in Rat Hepatocytes

Jayakumar Surendradoss, Thomas K. H. Chang and Frank S. Abbott
Drug Metabolism and Disposition November 1, 2014, 42 (11) 1834-1842; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.059352

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Research ArticleArticle

Evaluating Toxicity of VPA Glucuronide in Rat Hepatocytes

Jayakumar Surendradoss, Thomas K. H. Chang and Frank S. Abbott
Drug Metabolism and Disposition November 1, 2014, 42 (11) 1834-1842; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.059352
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