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Research ArticleSpecial Section on Transporters in Toxicity and Disease

The Role of Organic Anion Transporters in Diagnosing Liver Diseases by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Catherine M. Pastor, Beat Müllhaupt and Bruno Stieger
Drug Metabolism and Disposition April 2014, 42 (4) 675-684; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.113.055707
Catherine M. Pastor
Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Hépatique et Imagerie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Switzerland, and U1149 INSERM-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (C.M.P.); Swiss HPB and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (B.M.); and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (B.S.)
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Beat Müllhaupt
Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Hépatique et Imagerie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Switzerland, and U1149 INSERM-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (C.M.P.); Swiss HPB and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (B.M.); and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (B.S.)
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Bruno Stieger
Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Hépatique et Imagerie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Switzerland, and U1149 INSERM-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (C.M.P.); Swiss HPB and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (B.M.); and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (B.S.)
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Abstract

The expression and transport functions of organic anion transporters are modified in liver diseases, and therefore the vascular clearances of endogenous and exogenous organic anions that are taken up by these transporters have been used to assess liver diseases in patients. More recently, liver imaging with hepatobiliary contrast agents, tracers, and dyes that cross hepatocytes through the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs)–multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) pathway were developed to detect and characterize focal lesions and to assess the severity of diffuse liver diseases. This review focuses mainly on magnetic resonance imaging and highlights the growing interest in imaging the OATPs–MRP2 pathway to better understand liver diseases. Imaging provides noninvasive measurements of tissue concentrations that result from the interplay between influx and efflux membrane transport systems in normal or injured hepatocytes. Imaging with magnetic resonance hepatobiliary contrast agents improves the detection and the characterization of hepatic focal lesions. New developments of imaging to assess liver function and understand the hepatocellular concentrations of contrast agents are discussed.

Footnotes

    • Received October 31, 2013.
    • Accepted January 7, 2014.
  • B. Stieger is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation [Grant 310030_144195 / 1].

  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.113.055707.

  • Copyright © 2014 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 42 (4)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 42, Issue 4
1 Apr 2014
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Research ArticleSpecial Section on Transporters in Toxicity and Disease

Organic Anion Transporters and Liver Imaging Markers

Catherine M. Pastor, Beat Müllhaupt and Bruno Stieger
Drug Metabolism and Disposition April 1, 2014, 42 (4) 675-684; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.113.055707

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Research ArticleSpecial Section on Transporters in Toxicity and Disease

Organic Anion Transporters and Liver Imaging Markers

Catherine M. Pastor, Beat Müllhaupt and Bruno Stieger
Drug Metabolism and Disposition April 1, 2014, 42 (4) 675-684; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.113.055707
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Hepatocellular Uptake and Efflux of Organic Anions
    • Transport Mechanisms of Organic Anion Transporters
    • Role of Imaging in Diagnosing Liver Diseases
    • Liver Imaging Related to Hepatic Transporters
    • Liver MRI and Hepatobiliary Contrast Agents
    • Transport of MR Contrast Agents
    • Expression of Transporters and Liver Diseases
    • Modifications of Transport Induced by Drug-Drug Interactions
    • Future Developments: Hepatic Pharmacokinetics and Hepatic Concentrations
    • Outlook
    • Authorship Contributions
    • Footnotes
    • Abbreviations
    • References
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