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Research ArticleArticle

Transporter-Mediated Uptake of UDP–Glucuronic Acid by Human Liver Microsomes: Assay Conditions, Kinetics, and Inhibition

Andrew Rowland, Peter I. Mackenzie and John O. Miners
Drug Metabolism and Disposition January 2015, 43 (1) 147-153; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.060509
Andrew Rowland
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Peter I. Mackenzie
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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John O. Miners
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract

This study characterized the kinetics, variability, and factors that affect UDP–glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) uptake by human liver microsomes (HLM). Biphasic kinetics were observed for UDP-GlcUA uptake by HLM. Uptake affinities (assessed as Kd) of the high- and low-affinity components differed by more than an order of magnitude (13 ± 6 vs. 374 ± 175 µM), but were comparable in terms of the maximal rate of uptake, with mean Vmax values differing less than 2.3-fold (56 ± 26 vs. 131 ± 35 pmol/min per mg). Variability in total intrinsic transporter activity (Uint) for microsomal UDP-GlcUA uptake across 12 livers was less than 4-fold. Experiments performed to optimize the conditions for microsomal UDP-GlcUA uptake demonstrated that both components were trans-stimulated by preloading (luminal addition) with an alternate UDP-sugar, and essentially abolished by the thiol-alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide. Furthermore, interaction studies undertaken with a panel of drugs, alternate UDP-sugars, and glucuronide conjugates, at low (2.5 μM) and high (1000 μM) UDP-GlcUA concentrations, demonstrated that both components were inhibited to varying extents. Notably, the nucleoside analogs zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine, and acyclovir inhibited both the high- and low- affinity components of microsomal UDP-GlcUA uptake by >45% at an inhibitor concentration of 100 μM. Taken together, these data demonstrate that human liver microsomal UDP-GlcUA uptake involves multiple protein-mediated components, and raises the possibility of impaired in vivo glucuronidation activity resulting from inhibition of UDP-GlcUA uptake into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by drugs and other compounds.

Footnotes

    • Received August 7, 2014.
    • Accepted November 6, 2014.
  • This work was funded by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [Grant 595920].

  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.060509.

  • Copyright © 2014 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 43 (1)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 43, Issue 1
1 Jan 2015
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Research ArticleArticle

Kinetics and Inhibition of UDP-GlcUA Uptake by HLM

Andrew Rowland, Peter I. Mackenzie and John O. Miners
Drug Metabolism and Disposition January 1, 2015, 43 (1) 147-153; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.060509

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Research ArticleArticle

Kinetics and Inhibition of UDP-GlcUA Uptake by HLM

Andrew Rowland, Peter I. Mackenzie and John O. Miners
Drug Metabolism and Disposition January 1, 2015, 43 (1) 147-153; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.060509
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