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Research ArticleSpecial Section on Drug Metabolism and the Microbiome—Commentary

Drug Metabolism by the Host and Gut Microbiota: A Partnership or Rivalry?

Hollie I. Swanson
Drug Metabolism and Disposition October 2015, 43 (10) 1499-1504; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.065714
Hollie I. Swanson
Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Abstract

The importance of the gut microbiome in determining not only overall health, but also in the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics, is rapidly emerging. It is becoming increasingly clear that the gut microbiota can act in concert with the host cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis, cometabolize drugs and xenobiotics, and alter the expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters and the expression and activity levels of nuclear receptors. In this myriad of activities, the impact of the microbiota may be beneficial or detrimental to the host. Given that the interplay between the gut microbiota and host cells is likely subject to high interindividual variability, this work has tremendous implications for our ability to predict accurately a particular drug’s pharmacokinetics and a given patient population’s response to drugs. In this issue of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, a series of articles is presented that illustrate the progress and challenges that lie ahead as we unravel the intricacies associated with drug and xenobiotic metabolism by the gut microbiota. These articles highlight the underlying mechanisms that are involved and the use of in vivo and in vitro approaches that are currently available for elucidating the role of the gut microbiota in drug and xenobiotic metabolism. These articles also shed light on exciting new avenues of research that may be pursued as we consider the role of the gut microbiota as an endocrine organ, a component of the brain-gut axis, and whether the gut microbiota is an appropriate and amenable target for new drugs.

Footnotes

    • Received May 26, 2015.
    • Accepted July 10, 2015.
  • This work was supported in part by National Institute of Environmental Health

  • Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [Grant P42ES007380].

  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.065714.

  • Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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In this issue

Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 43 (10)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 43, Issue 10
1 Oct 2015
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Research ArticleSpecial Section on Drug Metabolism and the Microbiome—Commentary

Drug Metabolism and the Gut Microbiome

Hollie I. Swanson
Drug Metabolism and Disposition October 1, 2015, 43 (10) 1499-1504; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.065714

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Research ArticleSpecial Section on Drug Metabolism and the Microbiome—Commentary

Drug Metabolism and the Gut Microbiome

Hollie I. Swanson
Drug Metabolism and Disposition October 1, 2015, 43 (10) 1499-1504; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.065714
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Metabolic Function of the Gut Microbiota
    • Contribution of the Gut Microbiota to Intestinal Immune Homeostasis
    • Role of the Gut Microbiota in Bile Acid Metabolism
    • Gut Microbiota Is an Endocrine Organ and “Second Brain”?
    • Impact of the Gut Microbiota on the Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, Transporters, and their Regulators
    • Impact of Drugs and Xenobiotics on the Composition and Function of Gut Microorganisms
    • Impact of the Microbiota on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Phytochemicals
    • Impact of the Gut Microbiome on the Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Drugs and Xenobiotics
    • Conclusions
    • Footnotes
    • Abbreviations
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