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Research ArticleSpecial Section on Drug Metabolism and the Microbiome—Perspective

Gut Microbiota-Mediated Drug-Antibiotic Interactions

Dong-Hyun Kim
Drug Metabolism and Disposition October 2015, 43 (10) 1581-1589; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.063867
Dong-Hyun Kim
Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

Xenobiotic metabolism involves the biochemical modification of drugs and phytochemicals in living organisms, including humans and other animals. In the intestine, the gut microbiota catalyzes the conversion of hydrophilic drugs into absorbable, hydrophobic compounds through hydroxyzation and reduction. Drugs and phytochemicals are transformed into bioactive (sulfasalazine, lovastatin, and ginsenoside Rb1), bioinactive (chloramphenicol, ranitidine, and metronidazole), and toxic metabolites (nitrazepam), thus affecting the pharmacokinetics of the original compounds. Antibiotics suppress the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes by inhibiting the proliferation of gut microbiota. Antibiotic treatment might influence xenobiotic metabolisms more extensively and potently than previously recognized and reduce gut microbiota-mediated transformation of orally administered drugs, thereby altering the systemic concentrations of intact drugs, their metabolites, or both. This review describes the effects of antibiotics on the metabolism of drugs and phytochemicals by the gut microbiota.

Footnotes

    • Received February 18, 2015.
    • Accepted April 29, 2015.
  • This research was supported by a grant from Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2013 [12182MFDS652].

  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.063867.

  • Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 43 (10)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 43, Issue 10
1 Oct 2015
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Research ArticleSpecial Section on Drug Metabolism and the Microbiome—Perspective

Drug-Antibiotic Interactions

Dong-Hyun Kim
Drug Metabolism and Disposition October 1, 2015, 43 (10) 1581-1589; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.063867

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Research ArticleSpecial Section on Drug Metabolism and the Microbiome—Perspective

Drug-Antibiotic Interactions

Dong-Hyun Kim
Drug Metabolism and Disposition October 1, 2015, 43 (10) 1581-1589; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.063867
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