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Research ArticleSpecial Section on Drug Metabolism and the Microbiome—Minireview

Investigation of Host–Gut Microbiota Modulation of Therapeutic Outcome

Lian Yee Yip and Eric Chun Yong Chan
Drug Metabolism and Disposition October 2015, 43 (10) 1619-1631; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.063750
Lian Yee Yip
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (L.Y.Y., E.C.Y.C.); and Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (L.Y.Y.)
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Eric Chun Yong Chan
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (L.Y.Y., E.C.Y.C.); and Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (L.Y.Y.)
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Abstract

A broader understanding of factors underlying interindividual variation in pharmacotherapy is important for our pursuit of “personalized medicine.” Based on knowledge gleaned from the investigation of human genetics, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and transporters, clinicians and pharmacists are able to tailor pharmacotherapies according to the genotype of patients. However, human host factors only form part of the equation that accounts for heterogeneity in therapeutic outcome. Notably, the gut microbiota possesses wide-ranging metabolic activities that expand the metabolic functions of the human host beyond that encoded by the human genome. In this review, we first illustrate the mechanisms in which gut microbes modulate pharmacokinetics and therapeutic outcome. Second, we discuss the application of metabonomics in deciphering the complex host–gut microbiota interaction in pharmacotherapy. Third, we highlight an integrative approach with particular mention of the investigation of gut microbiota using culture-based and culture-independent techniques to complement the investigation of the host–gut microbiota axes in pharmaceutical research.

Footnotes

    • Received February 11, 2015.
    • Accepted May 15, 2015.
  • This research was supported by the Biomedical Research Council [Grant R-148-000-144-305].

  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.063750.

  • Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 43 (10)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 43, Issue 10
1 Oct 2015
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Research ArticleSpecial Section on Drug Metabolism and the Microbiome—Minireview

Host–Gut Microbiota Modulation of Therapeutic Outcome

Lian Yee Yip and Eric Chun Yong Chan
Drug Metabolism and Disposition October 1, 2015, 43 (10) 1619-1631; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.063750

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Research ArticleSpecial Section on Drug Metabolism and the Microbiome—Minireview

Host–Gut Microbiota Modulation of Therapeutic Outcome

Lian Yee Yip and Eric Chun Yong Chan
Drug Metabolism and Disposition October 1, 2015, 43 (10) 1619-1631; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.063750
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    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Host–Gut Microbiota Modulation of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Outcome
    • Metabonomics: Mining the Metabolome to Study Host–Microbiota Interaction
    • Integrative Approach to Investigate Host–Gut Microbiota Interaction
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