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Research ArticleArticle

The Role of Extrahepatic Metabolism in the Pharmacokinetics of the Targeted Covalent Inhibitors Afatinib, Ibrutinib, and Neratinib

Yoshihiro Shibata and Masato Chiba
Drug Metabolism and Disposition March 2015, 43 (3) 375-384; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.061424
Yoshihiro Shibata
Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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Masato Chiba
Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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Abstract

Despite the fact that much progress has been made recently in the development of targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs), their pharmacokinetics (PK) have not been well characterized in the light of extrahepatic clearance (CLextH) by glutathione (GSH)/glutathione S-transferase (GST)-dependent conjugation attributable to the unique electrophilic structure (e.g., acrylamide moiety) of TCI compounds. In the present study, CLextH values were examined in rat, dog, and monkey to predict the contribution of CLextH to the PK of the TCIs afatinib, ibrutinib, and neratinib in humans. Afatinib and neratinib both underwent extensive conjugation with GSH in buffer and cytosol fractions of liver and kidney, whereas ibrutinib showed much lower reactivity/susceptibility to GSH/GST-dependent conjugation. The CLextH in each species was calculated from the difference between observed total body clearance and predicted hepatic clearance (CLH) in cryopreserved hepatocytes suspended in 100% serum of the corresponding species. The power-based simple allometry relating the CLextH for the unbound compound to animal body weight was applicable across species for afatinib and neratinib (R2 ≥ 0.9) but not for ibrutinib (R2 = 0.04). The predicted AUC after oral administration of afatinib and neratinib agreed reasonably closely with reported values in phase I dose-escalation studies. Comparisons of CLextH and CLH predicted that CLextH largely determined the PK of afatinib (>90% as a proportion of total body clearance) and neratinib (∼34%) in humans. The present method can serve as one of the tools for the optimization of PK in humans at the discovery stage for the development of TCI candidates.

Footnotes

    • Received September 30, 2014.
    • Accepted December 10, 2014.
  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.061424.

  • ↵Embedded ImageThis article has supplemental material available at dmd.aspetjournals.org.

  • Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 43 (3)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 43, Issue 3
1 Mar 2015
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Research ArticleArticle

Pharmacokinetics of Targeted Covalent Inhibitors

Yoshihiro Shibata and Masato Chiba
Drug Metabolism and Disposition March 1, 2015, 43 (3) 375-384; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.061424

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Research ArticleArticle

Pharmacokinetics of Targeted Covalent Inhibitors

Yoshihiro Shibata and Masato Chiba
Drug Metabolism and Disposition March 1, 2015, 43 (3) 375-384; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.061424
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