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Research ArticleArticle

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Delamanid, a Novel Anti-Tuberculosis Drug, in Animals and Humans: Importance of Albumin Metabolism In Vivo

Katsunori Sasahara, Yoshihiko Shimokawa, Yukihiro Hirao, Noriyuki Koyama, Kazuyoshi Kitano, Masakazu Shibata and Ken Umehara
Drug Metabolism and Disposition August 2015, 43 (8) 1267-1276; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.064527
Katsunori Sasahara
Tokushima Research Institute (K.S., Y.S., Y.H., N.K., M.S., K.U.) and Medicinal Chemistry Research Institute (K.K.), Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
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Yoshihiko Shimokawa
Tokushima Research Institute (K.S., Y.S., Y.H., N.K., M.S., K.U.) and Medicinal Chemistry Research Institute (K.K.), Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
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Yukihiro Hirao
Tokushima Research Institute (K.S., Y.S., Y.H., N.K., M.S., K.U.) and Medicinal Chemistry Research Institute (K.K.), Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
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Noriyuki Koyama
Tokushima Research Institute (K.S., Y.S., Y.H., N.K., M.S., K.U.) and Medicinal Chemistry Research Institute (K.K.), Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
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Kazuyoshi Kitano
Tokushima Research Institute (K.S., Y.S., Y.H., N.K., M.S., K.U.) and Medicinal Chemistry Research Institute (K.K.), Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
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Masakazu Shibata
Tokushima Research Institute (K.S., Y.S., Y.H., N.K., M.S., K.U.) and Medicinal Chemistry Research Institute (K.K.), Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
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Ken Umehara
Tokushima Research Institute (K.S., Y.S., Y.H., N.K., M.S., K.U.) and Medicinal Chemistry Research Institute (K.K.), Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
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Abstract

Delamanid, a new anti-tuberculosis drug, is metabolized to M1, a unique metabolite formed by cleavage of the 6-nitro-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b] oxazole moiety, in plasma albumin in vitro. The metabolic activities in dogs and humans are higher than those in rodents. In this study, we characterized the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of delamanid in animals and humans. Eight metabolites (M1–M8) produced by cleavage of the imidazooxazole moiety of delamanid were identified in the plasma after repeated oral administration by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Delamanid was initially catalyzed to M1 and subsequently metabolized by three separate pathways, which suggested that M1 is a crucial starting point. The major pathway in humans was hydroxylation of the oxazole moiety of M1 to form M2 and then successive oxidation to the ketone form (M3) mainly by CYP3A4. M1 had the highest exposure among the eight metabolites after repeated oral dosing in humans, which indicated that M1 was the major metabolite. The overall metabolism of delamanid was qualitatively similar across nonclinical species and humans but was quantitatively different among the species. After repeated administration, the metabolites had much higher concentrations in dogs and humans than in rodents. The in vitro metabolic activity of albumin on delamanid probably caused the species differences observed. We determined that albumin metabolism is a key component of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of delamanid. Nonhepatic formation of M1 and multiple separate pathways for metabolism of M1 suggest that clinically significant drug–drug interactions with delamanid and M1 are limited.

Footnotes

    • Received March 27, 2015.
    • Accepted June 8, 2015.
  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.064527.

  • ↵Embedded ImageThis article has supplemental material available at dmd.aspetjournals.org.

  • Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 43 (8)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 43, Issue 8
1 Aug 2015
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Research ArticleArticle

Interspecies Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Delamanid

Katsunori Sasahara, Yoshihiko Shimokawa, Yukihiro Hirao, Noriyuki Koyama, Kazuyoshi Kitano, Masakazu Shibata and Ken Umehara
Drug Metabolism and Disposition August 1, 2015, 43 (8) 1267-1276; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.064527

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Research ArticleArticle

Interspecies Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Delamanid

Katsunori Sasahara, Yoshihiko Shimokawa, Yukihiro Hirao, Noriyuki Koyama, Kazuyoshi Kitano, Masakazu Shibata and Ken Umehara
Drug Metabolism and Disposition August 1, 2015, 43 (8) 1267-1276; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.064527
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