Influence of induced disease states on the disposition kinetics of imidocarb in goats | Salam Abdullah and Baggott, 1986 | LPS, Trypanosoma evansi, IBR virus | Imidocarb | Intravenous | Goats | LPS and IBR reduced Vd and CL. Infection with T. evansi resulted in an increase in Vd and CL. |
Pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in healthy and E. coli-infected broiler chickens | Abo El-Ela et al., 2014 | E. coli | Difloxacin | Intravenous and oral | Chicken | After intravenous administration, disease resulted in an increase in CL and Vd and a decrease in AUC. |
Oxytetracycline concentrations in healthy and diseased calves | Ames et al., 1983 | Pneumonia caused by BVDV plus P. haemolytica | Oxytetracycline | Intravenous | Calves | Pneumonia resulted in an increase in Vd, t1/2, and oxytetracycline lung concentrations. |
Effects of trypanosomal infection on the pharmacokinetics of diminazene aceturate in dogs | Anika and Onyeyili, 1989 | Trypanosoma brucei | Diminazene | Intravenous | Dogs | Infection with T. brucei resulted in a decrease in Vd and CL. |
Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in edible tissues of healthy and experimentally infected pigs with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae | Bladek et al., 2015 | A. pleuropneumoniae | Tulathromycin | Intramuscular | Swine | Infection resulted in a change in tulathromycin tissue concentration-time profile, characterized by an increase in elimination t1/2 and AUC in liver, kidney, muscle, skin, and injection site. |
Impact of an experimental PRRSV and Streptococcus suis co-infection on the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride after intramuscular injection in pigs | Day et al., 2015 | PRRSV and S. suis | Ceftiofur | Intramuscular | Swine | Coinfected pigs had lower AUC and Cmax values but greater Vd and CL values than that of healthy pigs. |
Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in healthy and experimentally Pasteurella multocida infected lactating goats | El-Komy et al., 2016 | P. multocida | Tilmicosin | Subcutaneous | Goats (lactating) | Plasma tilmicosin concentrations were substantially lower in P. multocida–infected goats. |
Pharmacokinetics of flunixin after intravenous administration in healthy and endotoxaemic rabbits | Elmas et al., 2006 | LPS | Flunixin | Intravenous | Rabbit | LPS resulted in a decrease in CL and an increase in AUC and t1/2. |
The influence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection on tulathromycin pharmacokinetics and lung tissue disposition in pigs | Gajda et al., 2016 | A. pleuropneumoniae | Tulathromycin | Intramuscular | Swine | Greater tissue AUCs were observed in pneumonic pigs as compared with healthy pigs, but significance was not detected. |
Altered plasma pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride in cows affected with severe clinical mastitis | Gorden et al., 2016 | E. coli or Klebsiella spp. | Ceftiofur | Intramuscular | Cattle (lactating dairy) | Mastitic cows had significantly higher plasma Vd and CL and lower AUC and Cmax as compared with healthy cows. |
E. coli infection modulates the pharmacokinetics of oral enrofloxacin by targeting P-glycoprotein in small intestine and Cyp450 3a in liver and kidney of broilers. | Guo et al., 2014 | E. coli | Enrofloxacin with or without oral verapamil | Oral | Chicken | By 12 h postinfection, there was a significant upregulation of Abcb1 mRNA in kidney, jejunum, and ileum. Expression of Cyp3a37 mRNA significantly decreased in liver and kidney. Significant decrease in enrofloxacin Cmax and AUC but later Tmax. Disease-induced changes in systemic exposure were reduced by verapamil. |
Elimination kinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride in milk after an 8-day extended intramammary administration in healthy and infected cows | Han et al., 2017 | S. aureus | Ceftiofur | Intramammary | Cattle (lactating dairy) | No differences in milk or serum PK. Quarter production efficiency but not disease influences drug conc. in milk. |
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic indices of enrofloxacin in E. coli O78/H12 infected chickens | Haritova et al., 2011 | E. coli | Enrofloxacin | Oral | Chicken | Mdr1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in infected animals but was partially restored with 5 days of oral danofloxacin or enrofloxacin treatment. No blood PK samples were collected. |
Comparative kinetic disposition of oxfendazole in sheep and goats before and during infection with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongulus colubriformis | Hennessy et al., 1993 | H. contortus, T. colubriformis | [14C]OFZ | Intraruminal | Goats and Sheep | No change in the PK of FBZ or FBZ-SO2, but significant decrease in OFZ Cmax and AUC in both goats and sheep |
Comparative pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in healthy and Mannheimia haemolytica infected calves | Ismail and El-Kattan 2007 | M. haemolytica | Marbofloxacin | Intramuscular and intravenous | Calves | Infection resulted in a decrease in CL (intravenous) and an increase in t1/2 (intramuscular and intravenous), AUC (intramuscular and intravenous), and Cmax (intramuscular). There were no changes to protein binding. |
Effect of Haemonchus contortus infection on the clearance of antipyrine, sulfobromophthalein, chloramphenicol, and sulfathiazole in lambs | Kawalek and Fetterer 1990 | H. contortus | Antipyrine, sulfobromophthalein, chloramphenicol, sulfathiazole | Intravenous | Lambs | During infection, significant decreases were observed in the AUC of sulfathiazole, antipurine, and chloramphenicol. However, only antipyrine was associated with a significant increase in CL. Therefore, the reliability of the conclusions is unclear. |
Comparison of pharmacokinetics and milk elimination of flunixin in healthy cows and cows with mastitis | Kissell et al., 2015 | Mastitis (E. coli or Klebsiella spp.) | Flunixin | Intravenous | Bovine | Mastitis resulted in a substantial decrease in CL and increase in milk flunixin concentrations. |
Plasma pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone following single intravenous administration in healthy and endometritic cows | Kumar et al., 2010 | Endometritis (unknown) | Ceftriaxone | Intravenous | Bovine | Only mean parameters provided (no statistics). Data suggest increase in CL, Vd, and t1/2 but decrease in AUC. Ceftriaxone milk excretion was initially greater in healthy cows, but some differences in mean values were observed at hour 36 postdose (drug levels in milk of healthy cows = 7.5 µg/ml; that of cows with endometritis = 22.9 µg/ml). However, the variability (CV) observed in milk levels of diseased cows was substantially greater at hours 24 and 36 (46% and 64% CV, respectively) as compared with that of healthy cows (10.9% CV and 2.9% CV at hours 24 and 36, respectively) (n = 8 per group). |
The influence of a heavy infection with sensitive and resistant strains of Ostertagia circumcincta and with Trichostrongylus colubriformis on the pharmacokinetics of febantel on lambs. | Landuyt et al., 1995 | O. circumcincta, T. colubriformis | Febantel | Oral | Lambs | Authors suggest that PK changes (monitored for febantel metabolites) were dependent on the infecting parasitic species. Although there was a consistent decrease in mean AUC (compared with the animals prior to infection), the change in rate of metabolite appearance (Cmax and Tmax) differed as a function of the nature of the infection. In general, differences in mean values were small. |
The influence of parasitism on the pharmacokinetics of moxidectin in lambs | Lespine et al., 2004 | H. contortus and T. colubriformis mix (natural infections) | Moxidectin | Oral and subcutaneous | Sheep | Increase in CL/F (oral), decrease in mean residence time (oral and subcutaneous), and decrease in AUC (oral). Cmax values were difficult to interpret because of the very large intersubject variability. |
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of carprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in healthy cows and cows with E. coli endotoxin-induced mastitis | Lohuis et al., 1991 | LPS | Carprofen | Intravenous | Bovine | Mastitis resulted in a reduction in carprofen CL, increase in AUC, an increase in t1/2, and greater excretion of carprofen into milk. |
Effect of parasitism with Ostertagia circumcincta on pharmacokinetics of fenbendazole in sheep | Marriner et al., 1985 | O. circumcincta | FBZ | Oral | Sheep | Consistently lower blood levels of fenbendazole and its metabolites when animals were infected. This was accompanied by lower drug and metabolite exposures in the abomasum. |
Comparative pharmacokinetics of diminazene in noninfected Boran (Bos indicus) cattle and Boran cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense | Mamman et al., 1993 | Trypanosoma congolense | Diminazene | Intramuscular | Cattle | Drug PK of each animal was determined before and during acute and chronic phases of infection. Acute infection increased absorption rate and decreased Vdss but did not affect CL/F. |
Effect of parasitism with Nematodirus battus on the pharmacokinetics of levamisole, ivermectin and netobimin | McKellar et al., 1991 | N. battus | Levamisole, ivermectin, netobimin | Oral and subcutaneous | Lambs | No differences in PK were reported. |
Effect of parasitism on the pharmacokinetic disposition of ivermectin in lambs | Pérez et al., 2006 | Ostertagis, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia mix | Ivermectin | Subcutaneous | Lambs | Parasite infection resulted in a decrease in AUC. Although Cmax tended to be lower in infected animals, the difference was not significant. CL/F and Vd/F were not reported |
Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous administration in E. coli lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxaemic sheep | Pérez et al., 2015 | LPS | Florfenicol | Intravenous | Sheep | Endotoxemia resulted in higher florfenicol plasma concentrations because of a decrease in CL. |
The pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline following intravenous administration in healthy and diseased pigs | Pijpers et al., 1990 | A. pleuropneumoniae | Oxytetracycline | Intravenous | Swine | Significantly lower CL, Vd, and t1/2 were in diseased vs. healthy pigs when dosed at 10 mg/kg but were not different when dosed at 50 mg/kg. |
The influence of disease on feed and water consumption and on pharmacokinetics of orally administered oxytetracycline in pigs | Pijpers et al., 1991 | A. pleuropneumoniae | Oxytetracycline | Oral | Swine | CL/F was significantly lower in diseased pigs, resulting in an increase in AUC and t1/2. |
Influence of porcine A. pleuropneumoniae infection and dexamethasone on the pharmacokinetic parameters of enrofloxacin | Post et al., 2002 | A. pleuropneumoniae | Enrofloxacin | Intravenous | Swine | Disease resulted in a decrease in Vd and t1/2, but CL was unaffected. APP did not affect the metabolism of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin. |
The effect of endotoxin and dexamethasone on enrofloxacin pharmacokinetic parameters in swine | Post et al., 2003 | LPS | Enrofloxacin | Intravenous | Swine | Administration of LPS was associated with a decrease in enrofloxacin CL, leading to an increase in AUC and t1/2. |
Effects of endotoxin-induced fever and probenecid on disposition of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravascular administration of enrofloxacin in goats | Rao et al., 2000 | E. coli | Enrofloxacin | Intravenous | Goat | Disease reduced the CL of enrofloxacin, resulting in an increase in AUC and t1/2. Ciprofloxacin plasma concentrations decreased, and t1/2 was increased. |
The impact of acute phase response on the plasma clearance of antipyrine, theophylline, phenytoin and nifedipine in rabbits | Saitoh et al., 2000 | LPS | Antipyrine, theophylline, phenytoin, nifedipine | Intravenous | Rabbits | Lower CL and a longer t1/2 were observed for antipyrine, theophylline, phenytoin, and nifedipine in infected animals. An increase in Vd was observed for phenytoin and nifedipine. |
Tissue distribution and disposition kinetics of enrofloxacin in healthy and E. coli–infected broilers | Soliman, 2000 | E. coli | Enrofloxacin | Intravenous and oral | Chicken | Following intravenous administration, the CL significantly increased, and AUC and t1/2 significantly decreased, but the increase in Vd was not statistically significant when comparing healthy vs. diseased chickens. Nine days postdose with enrofloxacin, breast muscle concentrations were significantly greater in infected birds. There were no other differences in the other tissues assayed or at other time points. |
Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of tilmicosin in the treatment of Pasteurella haemolytica bronchopneumonia in calves | Soliman and Ramadan Ali Ayad, 2014 | P. haemolytica | Tilmicosin | Intravenous and subcutaneous | Calves | Following intravenous administration, CL and Vd were significantly lower in diseased vs. healthy calves. |
Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus | Tantituvanont et al., 2009 | PRRSV | Ceftiofur | Intramuscular | Swine | PRRSV-infected pigs had higher CL and Vd and lower AUC, Cmax, and t1/2 compared with their healthy counterparts. |
Effect of tick-borne fever and trypanosomiasis on the pharmacokinetics of sulfadimidine and its metabolites in goats | Van Gogh et al., 1989 | E. phagocytophila and T. brucei 1066 | Sulfadimidine | Intravenous | Goats | Both parasitic infections resulted in lower CL and Vd and larger AUC and t1/2 values. |
Influence of Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced fever on the pharmacokinetic behavior of marbofloxacin after intravenous administration in goats | Waxman et al., 2003 | E. coli | Marbofloxacin | Intravenous | Goat | Disease resulted in a decrease in CL and Vd and an increase in AUC. |
Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in healthy pigs and in pigs experimentally infected with Haemophilus parasuis | Zhang et al., 2017 | H. parasuis | Tilmicosin | Oral | Swine | No significant differences in tilmicosin PKs were observed in healthy vs. infected pigs. |