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Research ArticleArticle

Investigating the Utility of Humanized Pregnane X Receptor-Constitutive Androstane Receptor-CYP3A4/7 Mouse Model to Assess CYP3A-Mediated Induction

Justin Q. Ly, Susan Wong, Liling Liu, Ruina Li, Kirsten Messick and Jae H. Chang
Drug Metabolism and Disposition July 2021, 49 (7) 540-547; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.121.000439
Justin Q. Ly
Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (J.Q.L., S.W., L.L., R.L., K.M.), and ORIC Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (J.H.C.)
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Susan Wong
Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (J.Q.L., S.W., L.L., R.L., K.M.), and ORIC Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (J.H.C.)
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Liling Liu
Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (J.Q.L., S.W., L.L., R.L., K.M.), and ORIC Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (J.H.C.)
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Ruina Li
Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (J.Q.L., S.W., L.L., R.L., K.M.), and ORIC Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (J.H.C.)
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Kirsten Messick
Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (J.Q.L., S.W., L.L., R.L., K.M.), and ORIC Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (J.H.C.)
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Jae H. Chang
Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (J.Q.L., S.W., L.L., R.L., K.M.), and ORIC Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (J.H.C.)
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Abstract

Clinical induction liability is assessed with human hepatocytes. However, underpredictions in the magnitude of clinical induction have been reported. Unfortunately, in vivo studies in animals do not provide additional insight because of species differences in drug metabolizing enzymes and their regulatory pathways. To circumvent this limitation, transgenic animals expressing human orthologs were developed. The aim of this work was to investigate the utility of mouse models expressing human orthologs of pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and CYP3A4/7 (Tg-Composite) in evaluating clinical induction. Rifampin, efavirenz, and pioglitazone, which were employed to represent strong, moderate, and weak inducers, were administered at multiple doses to Tg-Composite animals. In vivo CYP3A activity was monitored by measuring changes in the exposure of the CYP3A probe substrate triazolam. After the in vivo studies, microsomes were prepared from their livers to measure changes of in vitro CYP3A4 activity. In both in vivo and in vitro, distinction of clinic induction was recapitulated as rifampin yielded the greatest inductive effect followed by efavirenz and pioglitazone. Interestingly, with rifampin, in vivo CYP3A activity was approximately 4-fold higher than in vitro activity. Conversely, there was no difference between in vivo and in vitro CYP3A activity with efavirenz. These findings are consistent with the report that, although rifampin exhibits differential inductive effects between the intestines and liver, efavirenz does not. These data highlight the promise of transgenic models, such as Tg-Composite, to complement human hepatocytes to enhance the translatability of clinical induction as well as become a powerful tool to further study mechanisms of drug disposition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Underprediction of the magnitude of clinical induction when using human hepatocytes has been reported, and transgenic models may improve clinical translatability. The work presented here showcases the human orthologs of pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and CYP3A4/7 model, which was able to recapitulate the magnitude of clinical induction and to differentiate tissue-dependent induction observed with rifampin but not with efavirenz. These results not only foreshadow the potential application of such transgenic models in assessing clinical induction but also in further investigation of the mechanism of drug disposition.

Footnotes

    • Received February 22, 2021.
    • Accepted April 2, 2021.
  • This work received no external funding. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  • https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.121.000439.

  • Copyright © 2021 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 49 (7)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 49, Issue 7
1 Jul 2021
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Research ArticleArticle

Humanized PXR-CAR-CYP3A4/7 Mouse as Model of Induction

Justin Q. Ly, Susan Wong, Liling Liu, Ruina Li, Kirsten Messick and Jae H. Chang
Drug Metabolism and Disposition July 1, 2021, 49 (7) 540-547; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.121.000439

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Research ArticleArticle

Humanized PXR-CAR-CYP3A4/7 Mouse as Model of Induction

Justin Q. Ly, Susan Wong, Liling Liu, Ruina Li, Kirsten Messick and Jae H. Chang
Drug Metabolism and Disposition July 1, 2021, 49 (7) 540-547; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.121.000439
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