Abstract
Oleuropein (OLE), the main constituent of Olea europaea, displays pleiotropic beneficial effects in health and disease, which are mainly attributed to its anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. Several food supplements and herbal medicines contain OLE and are available without a prescription. This study investigated the effects of OLE on the main cytochrome P450s (P450s) catalyzing the metabolism of many prescribed drugs. Emphasis was given to the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a nuclear transcription factor regulating numerous genes including P450s. 129/Sv wild-type and Ppara-null mice were treated with OLE for 6 weeks. OLE induced Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp1b1, Cyp3a14, Cyp3a25, Cyp2c29, Cyp2c44, Cyp2d22, and Cyp2e1 mRNAs in liver of wild-type mice, whereas no similar effects were observed in Ppara-null mice, indicating that the OLE-induced effect on these P450s is mediated by PPARα. Activation of the pathways related to phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (AKT)/forkhead box protein O1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, AKT/p70, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase participates in P450 induction by OLE. These data indicate that consumption of herbal medicines and food supplements containing OLE could accelerate the metabolism of drug substrates of the above-mentioned P450s, thus reducing their efficacy and the outcome of pharmacotherapy. Therefore, OLE-induced activation of PPARα could modify the effects of drugs due to their increased metabolism and clearance, which should be taken into account when consuming OLE-containing products with certain drugs, in particular those of narrow therapeutic window.
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study indicated that oleuropein, which belongs to the main constituents of the leaves and olive drupes of Olea europaea, induces the synthesis of the major cytochrome P450s (P450s) metabolizing the majority of prescribed drugs via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. This effect could modify the pharmacokinetic profile of co-administered drug substrates of the P450s, thus altering their therapeutic efficacy and toxicity.
Footnotes
- Received April 11, 2020.
- Accepted April 6, 2021.
↵1 F.M. and C.E.A. contributed equally to this work.
This study was funded by the European Union (European Regional Development Fund) and by Greek national funds coming from the operational program “THESSALY- MAINLAND GREECE AND EPIRUS-2007-2013” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF 2007-2013, Grant 346985/80753). We certify that there is no involvement of the funding sources in the research conduct and/or preparation of this article, in study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the article, and the decision to submit the article for publication in DMD.
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This article has supplemental material available at dmd.aspetjournals.org.
- U.S. Government work not protected by U.S. copyright
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Oleuropein Induces Major P450s via PPARα Activation
