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Research ArticleArticle

Stereoselective Metabolism of Bupropion to Active Metabolites in Cellular Fractions of Human Liver and Intestine

Nadia O Bamfo, Jessica BL Lu and Zeruesenay Desta
Drug Metabolism and Disposition January 2023, 51 (1) 54-66; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.122.000867
Nadia O Bamfo
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Jessica BL Lu
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Zeruesenay Desta
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Abstract

Striking stereoselective disposition of the antidepressant and smoking cessation aid bupropion (BUP) and its active metabolites observed clinically influence patients’ response to BUP therapy and its clinically important drug-drug interactions (DDI) with CYP2D6 substrates. However, understanding of the biochemical mechanisms responsible is incomplete. This study comprehensively examined hepatic and extrahepatic stereoselective metabolism of BUP in vitro. Racemic-, R-, and S-BUP were incubated separately with pooled cellular fractions of human liver [microsomes (HLMs), S9 fractions (HLS9s), and cytosols (HLCs)] and intestinal [microsomes (HIMs), S9 fractions (HIS9s), and cytosols (HICs)] and cofactors. Formations of diastereomers of 4-hydroxyBUP (OHBUP), threohydroBUP (THBUP), and erythrohydroBUP (EHBUP) were quantified using a novel chiral ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method. Racemic BUP (but not R- or S-BUP) was found suitable to determine stereoselective metabolism of BUP; both enantiomers showed complete racemization. Compared with that of RR-THBUP, the in vitro intrinsic clearance (Clint) for the formation of SS-THBUP was 42-, 19-, and 8.3-fold higher in HLMs, HLS9 fractions, and HLCs, respectively; Clint for the formation of SS-OHBUP and RS-EHBUP was also higher (2.7- to 3.9-fold) than their R-derived counterparts. In cellular fractions of human intestine, ≥ 95% of total reduction was accounted by the formation of RR-THBUP. Ours is the first to demonstrate marked stereoselective reduction of BUP in HLCs, HIMs, HIS9 fractions, and HICs, providing the first evidence for tissue- and cellular fraction-dependent stereoselective metabolism of BUP. These data may serve as the first critical step toward understanding factors dictating BUP’s stereoselective disposition, effects, and DDI risks.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work provides a deeper insight into bupropion (BUP) stereoselective oxidation and reduction to active metabolites in cellular fractions of human liver and intestine tissues. The results demonstrate tissue- and cellular fraction-dependent stereospecific metabolism of BUP. These data may improve prediction of BUP stereoselective disposition and understanding of BUP’s effects and CYP2D6-dependent drug-drug interaction in vivo.

Footnotes

    • Received February 8, 2022.
    • Accepted April 12, 2022.
  • This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS) [Grants R01-R01GM121707, R35-GM145383] (Z.D.) ] and N.O.B. was supported by a fellowship grant from NIH/NIGMS [Grant T32-GM008425] (Z.D.).

  • No author has an actual or perceived conflict of interest with the contents of this article.

  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.122.000867.

  • ↵Embedded ImageThis article has supplemental material available at dmd.aspetjournals.org.

  • Copyright © 2022 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition: 51 (1)
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Vol. 51, Issue 1
1 Jan 2023
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Research ArticleArticle

Stereoselective Metabolism of Bupropion In Vitro

Nadia O Bamfo, Jessica BL Lu and Zeruesenay Desta
Drug Metabolism and Disposition January 1, 2023, 51 (1) 54-66; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.122.000867

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Research ArticleArticle

Stereoselective Metabolism of Bupropion In Vitro

Nadia O Bamfo, Jessica BL Lu and Zeruesenay Desta
Drug Metabolism and Disposition January 1, 2023, 51 (1) 54-66; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.122.000867
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