Abstract
Rats that consumed a high-fat and high-sucrose (HF) diet developed hepatic steatosis. Treatment of HF diet-fed rats with fluvastatin (8 mg/kg) was lethal, followed by an elevation in levels of plasma aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activities and skeletal muscle toxicity. This study was conducted to determine whether nutritional status affects statin-induced adverse effects in rats. Fluvastatin treatment of rats on HF diet led to an increase in systemic exposure, suggesting altered metabolism and elimination. In fact, although hepatic Mrp2 and Mdr1b protein levels were not significantly changed by fluvastatin treatment for 8 days of rats on HF diet, the Oatp1, Mrp3, CYP1A, CYP2C, UGT1A1, and UGT1A5 protein levels were moderately decreased and the Oatp2, CYP3A and UGT2B1 protein levels were markedly suppressed. No significant difference in the baseline level of Oatp1, Oatp2, Mrp2, Mrp3, Mdr1b, CYP1A, CYP2C, CYP3A, UGT1A1, UGT1A5, or UGT2B1 protein was found between the standard diet- and HF diet-fed groups. In addition, the mRNA levels of Oatp2, CYP2C11, and CYP3A1/2 were markedly decreased in HF diet-fed and fluvastatin-treated rats. There was no significant difference in the glucuronidation activities against fluvastatin between 4 groups. In liver cell nuclei, levels of constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α proteins were decreased in fluvastatin-treated HF diet-fed rats, which correlated with the decrease in Oatp2, CYP2C, and CYP3A. Taken together, these results indicate that nutritional status may influence adverse effects of fluvastatin by increasing systemic exposure through modulation of hepatic uptake and elimination.
- CYP expression
- drug toxicity
- hepatic elimination
- hepatotoxicity
- liver toxicity
- organic anion transport
- phase II drug metabolism
Footnotes
- Received April 26, 2010.
- Accepted June 29, 2010.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics