Data Supplement

Files in this Data Supplement:

• Supplemental Data -

  Supplemental Figure 1 - The 16S rRNA abundance of universal bacteria, as well as the 8 bacterial components in VSL3, namely B. breve, B. infantis, B. longum, L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. plantarum, L. paracasei, and S. thermophilus, in the VSL3 DNA

  Supplemental Figure 2 - The mRNA expression of the Cyp4f gene cluster (namely Cyp4f17, 4f16, 4f37, 4f15, 4f14, 4f13, 4f39, and 4f41-ps) in liver samples from CV, CV+VSL3, GF, GF+VSL3, and GF+CV groups

  Supplemental Figure 3 - The mRNA expression of other phase-I enzymes, namely Cyp2b10, Cyp3a13, Aldh1a7, Aldh4a1, Aldh7a1, Ces2c, and Ces3a, in liver samples from CV, CV+VSL3, GF, GF+VSL3, and GF+CV groups

  Supplemental Figure 4 - The mRNA expression of other phase-I enzymes, namely Fmo1, Fmo2, Fmo4, Akr1b8, Akr1c13, Akr1c19, Akr1d1, Ephx1, and Nqo1, in liver samples from CV, CV+VSL3, GF, GF+VSL3, and GF+CV groups

  Supplemental Figure 5 - The mRNA expression of other phase-II Gst enzymes, namely Gsta1, Gsta3, Gsta4, Gstm4, Gstt1, Gstt2, and Gstt3, in liver samples from CV, CV+VSL3, GF, GF+VSL3, and GF+CV groups

  Supplemental Figure 6 - The mRNA expression of other phase-II Ugt and Sult enzymes, namely Ugt1a1, Ugt1a5, Ugt1a6, Ugt1a7, Ugt2b5, Ugt2b34, Ugt2b35, Ugt2b36, Sult1a1, Sult1b1, Sult1d1, and Papss2 (enzyme that produces the co-substrate for sulfation reactions), in liver samples from CV, CV+VSL3, GF, GF+VSL3, and GF+CV groups

  Supplemental Figure 7 - Genomic locations of positive PXR (A) and PPARα (B) DNA binding sites to the Cyp3a (A) and Cyp4a (B) gene clusters, respectively

  Supplemental Table 1 - Primer Sequences and Specificity for the bacterial 16S rRNA quantification

  Supplemental Table 2 - RT-qPCR primer sequences

  Supplemental Table 3 - ChIP-qPCR primers, targeted genomic regions and motifs