Abstract
Diet is an important factor for many diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that several diets had remarkable effects on bile acid (BA) homeostasis but no comprehensive information for both genders has been reported. Therefore, the current study characterized the 9 most used laboratory animal diets fed to both genders of mice for a comparable evaluation of the topic. The results revealed that marked gender difference of BA homeostasis is ubiquitous in mice fed the various diets, and of the 9 diets fed to mice, the atherogenic and calorie-restricted diets had the most marked effects on BA homeostasis, followed by the lab chow and EFA-deficient diets. More specifically, females had higher concentrations of total BAs in serum when fed 6 of the 9 diets compared to male mice, and 26 of the 35 BA-related genes had marked gender difference in mice fed at least one diet. Although mice fed the calorie-restricted and atherogenic diets had increased BAs, which was more pronounced in serum than liver, the intestinal Fxr-Fgf15 axis changed in the opposite direction, and resulted in different hepatic expression patterns of Cyp7a1. Compared with AIN-93M purified diet, higher hepatic expression of Mrp3 was the only alteration in mice fed the lab chow diet. The other diets had little or no effect on BA concentrations in the liver and plasma, nor the expression of BA related genes. This study indicates that gender, the atherogenic diet, and the calorie-restricted diet have the most marked effects on BA homeostasis.
Significance Statement Previous evidence suggested that various diets have effect on BA homeostasis; however, it is not possible to directly compare these findings as they are all from different studies. The current study was the first to systematically investigate the influence of the 9 most used experimental mouse diets on BA homeostasis and potential mechanism in both genders of mice, and indicates that gender, the atherogenic, and calorie-restricted diets have the most marked effects on BA homeostasis, which will aid future investigations.
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