%0 Journal Article %A Cecile Moussa %A Patrick Houziaux %A Bernard Danree %A Robert Azerad %T Microbial Models of Mammalian Metabolism %B Fungal Metabolism of Phenolic and Nonphenolicp-Cymene-Related Drugs and Prodrugs. I. Metabolites of Thymoxamine %D 1997 %J Drug Metabolism and Disposition %P 301-310 %V 25 %N 3 %X This study was undertaken to validate the use of microbial biotransformation systems for drug metabolism studies. Thymoxamine 1 was rapidly hydrolyzed to desacetylthymoxamine (DAT) 2 by numerous fungi. Other known animal metabolites, such asN-desmethyl-desacetylthymoxamine 3 and desacetylthymoxamine-O-sulfate 6, were produced from DAT by Mucor rouxii and Mortierella isabellina. DAT-N-oxide 5, a putative animal microsomal metabolite, was also produced by M. isabellina. In addition, a few strains (such as Actinomucor elegans, Mucor hiemalis, and Mucor janssenii) produced a glycosylated metabolite that was identified by high-resolution1H- and 13C-NMR, MS, and enzymatic hydrolysis as the corresponding [4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-5-isopropyl-2-methyl-phenyl]-1-β-d-glucopyranoside 7. A similar glucosylation reaction was observed when thymohydroquinone 10 was incubated with A. elegans. Several strains were able to produce transiently thymohydroquinone from DAT-N-oxide 5, possibly through a β-elimination mechanism. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics %U https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/dmd/25/3/301.full.pdf