TY - JOUR T1 - EXPRESSION OF CYTOCHROME P450 AND OTHER BIOTRANSFORMATION GENES IN FETAL AND ADULT HUMAN NASAL MUCOSA JF - Drug Metabolism and Disposition JO - Drug Metab Dispos SP - 1423 LP - 1428 DO - 10.1124/dmd.105.005769 VL - 33 IS - 10 AU - Xiuling Zhang AU - Qing-Yu Zhang AU - Dazhi Liu AU - Ting Su AU - Yan Weng AU - Guoyu Ling AU - Ying Chen AU - Jun Gu AU - Boris Schilling AU - Xinxin Ding Y1 - 2005/10/01 UR - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/33/10/1423.abstract N2 - Despite recent progress in the identification and characterization of numerous nasal biotransformation enzymes in laboratory animals, the expression of biotransformation genes in human nasal mucosa remains difficult to study. Given the potential role of nasal biotransformation enzymes in the metabolism of airborne chemicals, including fragrance compounds and therapeutic agents, as well as the potential interspecies differences between laboratory animals and humans, it would be highly desirable to identify those biotransformation genes that are expressed in human nasal mucosa. In this study, a global gene expression analysis was performed to compare biotransformation enzymes expressed in human fetal and adult nasal mucosa to those expressed in liver. The identities of a list of biotransformation genes with apparently nasal mucosa-selective expression were subsequently confirmed by RNA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing of the PCR products. Further quantitative RNA-PCR experiments indicated that, in the fetus, aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 (ALDH6), CYP1B1, CYP2F1, CYP4B1, and UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2A1 are expressed preferentially in the nasal mucosa and that ALDH7, flavin-containing monooxygenase 1, and glutathione S-transferase P1 are at least as abundant in the nasal mucosa as in the liver. The nasal mucosal expression of CYP2E1 was also detected. These findings provide a basis for further explorations of the metabolic capacity of the human nasal mucosa for xenobiotic compounds. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics ER -