PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Maciej J. Zamek-Gliszczynski
AU  - J. Cory Kalvass
AU  - Gary M. Pollack
AU  - Kim L. R. Brouwer
TI  - Relationship between Drug/Metabolite Exposure and Impairment of Excretory Transport Function
AID  - 10.1124/dmd.108.023648
DP  - 2009 Feb 01
TA  - Drug Metabolism and Disposition
PG  - 386--390
VI  - 37
IP  - 2
4099  - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/37/2/386.short
4100  - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/37/2/386.full
SO  - Drug Metab Dispos2009 Feb 01; 37
AB  - The quantitative impact of excretory transport modulation on the systemic exposure to xenobiotics and derived metabolites is poorly understood. This article presents fundamental relationships between exposure and loss of a specific excretory process that contributes to overall clearance. The mathematical relationships presented herein were explored on the basis of hepatic excretory data for polar metabolites formed in the livers of various transporter-deficient rodents. Experimental data and theoretical relationships indicated that the fold change in exposure is governed by the relationship, 1/(1 – fe), where fe is the fraction excreted by a particular transport protein. Loss of function of a transport pathway associated with fe < 0.5 will have minor consequences (<2-fold) on exposure, but exposure will increase exponentially in response to loss of function of transport pathways with fe > 0.5. These mathematical relationships may be extended to other organs, such as the intestine and kidney, as well as to systemic drug exposure. Finally, the relationship between exposure and fe is not only applicable to complete loss of function of a transport pathway but also can be extended to partial inhibition scenarios by modifying the equation with the ratio of the inhibitor concentration and inhibition constant. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics