RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Mitigating the Inhibition of Human Bile Salt Export Pump by Drugs: Opportunities Provided by Physicochemical Property Modulation, In Silico Modeling, and Structural Modification
JF Drug Metabolism and Disposition
JO Drug Metab Dispos
FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
SP 2332
OP 2341
DO 10.1124/dmd.112.047068
VO 40
IS 12
A1 Daniel J. Warner
A1 Hongming Chen
A1 Louis-David Cantin
A1 J. Gerry Kenna
A1 Simone Stahl
A1 Clare L. Walker
A1 Tobias Noeske
YR 2012
UL http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/40/12/2332.abstract
AB The human bile salt export pump (BSEP) is a membrane protein expressed on the canalicular plasma membrane domain of hepatocytes, which mediates active transport of unconjugated and conjugated bile salts from liver cells into bile. BSEP activity therefore plays an important role in bile flow. In humans, genetically inherited defects in BSEP expression or activity cause cholestatic liver injury, and many drugs that cause cholestatic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in humans have been shown to inhibit BSEP activity in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that inhibition of BSEP activity by drugs could be one of the mechanisms that initiate human DILI. To gain insight into the chemical features responsible for BSEP inhibition, we have used a recently described in vitro membrane vesicle BSEP inhibition assay to quantify transporter inhibition for a set of 624 compounds. The relationship between BSEP inhibition and molecular physicochemical properties was investigated, and our results show that lipophilicity and molecular size are significantly correlated with BSEP inhibition. This data set was further used to build predictive BSEP classification models through multiple quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling approaches. The highest level of predictive accuracy was provided by a support vector machine model (accuracy = 0.87, κ = 0.74). These analyses highlight the potential value that can be gained by combining computational methods with experimental efforts in early stages of drug discovery projects to minimize the propensity of drug candidates to inhibit BSEP.