RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Cloning and Characterization of Four Rabbit Aldo-Keto Reductases Featuring Broad Substrate Specificity for Xenobiotic and Endogenous Carbonyl Compounds: Relationship with Multiple Forms of Drug Ketone Reductases JF Drug Metabolism and Disposition JO Drug Metab Dispos FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics SP 803 OP 812 DO 10.1124/dmd.113.056044 VO 42 IS 4 A1 Satoshi Endo A1 Toshiyuki Matsunaga A1 Yuki Arai A1 Akira Ikari A1 Kazuo Tajima A1 Ossama El-Kabbani A1 Shigeru Yamano A1 Akira Hara A1 Yukio Kitade YR 2014 UL http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/42/4/803.abstract AB Multiple forms of reductases for several drug ketones were isolated from rabbit liver, but their interrelationship and physiologic roles remain unknown. We isolated cDNAs for four aldo-keto reductases (AKR1C30, AKR1C31, AKR1C32, and AKR1C33), which share high amino acid sequence identity with the partial sequences of two rabbit naloxone reductases. The four recombinant enzymes reduced a variety of carbonyl compounds, including endogenous α-dicarbonyls (e.g., isatin and diacetyl), aldehydes (e.g., farnesal and 4-oxo-2-nonenal), and ketosteroids. They differed in specificity for drug ketones and ketosteroids. Although daunorubicin and befunolol were common substrates of all of the enzymes, AKR enzymes specifically reduced naloxone (AKR1C30, AKR1C32, and AKR1C33), metyrapone (AKR1C32 and AKR1C33), loxoprofen (AKR1C31 and AKR1C32), ketotifen (AKR1C30), and naltrexone and fenofibric acid (AKR1C33). AKR1C30 reduced only 17-keto-5β-androstanes, whereas the other enzymes were active toward 3-, 17-, and 20-ketosteroids, and AKR1C33 further reduced 3-keto groups of bile acids and 7α-hydroxy-5β-cholestanes. In addition, AKR1C30, AKR1C31, AKR1C32, and AKR1C33 were selectively inhibited by carbenoxolone, baccharin, phenolphthalein, and zearalenone, respectively. The mRNAs for the four enzymes were ubiquitously expressed in male rabbit tissues, in which highly expressed tissues were the brain, heart, liver, kidney, intestine, colon, and testis (for AKR1C30 and AKR1C31); brain, heart, liver, kidney, testis, lung, and adrenal gland (for AKR1C32); and liver and intestine (for AKR1C33). Thus, the four enzymes correspond to the multiple drug ketone reductases, and may function in the metabolisms of steroids, isatin and reactive carbonyl compounds, and bile acid synthesis.