RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Gut Microbiota-Mediated Drug-Antibiotic Interactions
JF Drug Metabolism and Disposition
JO Drug Metab Dispos
FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
SP 1581
OP 1589
DO 10.1124/dmd.115.063867
VO 43
IS 10
A1 Dong-Hyun Kim
YR 2015
UL http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/43/10/1581.abstract
AB Xenobiotic metabolism involves the biochemical modification of drugs and phytochemicals in living organisms, including humans and other animals. In the intestine, the gut microbiota catalyzes the conversion of hydrophilic drugs into absorbable, hydrophobic compounds through hydroxyzation and reduction. Drugs and phytochemicals are transformed into bioactive (sulfasalazine, lovastatin, and ginsenoside Rb1), bioinactive (chloramphenicol, ranitidine, and metronidazole), and toxic metabolites (nitrazepam), thus affecting the pharmacokinetics of the original compounds. Antibiotics suppress the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes by inhibiting the proliferation of gut microbiota. Antibiotic treatment might influence xenobiotic metabolisms more extensively and potently than previously recognized and reduce gut microbiota-mediated transformation of orally administered drugs, thereby altering the systemic concentrations of intact drugs, their metabolites, or both. This review describes the effects of antibiotics on the metabolism of drugs and phytochemicals by the gut microbiota.