TY - JOUR T1 - <strong>The Role of Sulfotransferases in Liver Diseases</strong> JF - Drug Metabolism and Disposition JO - Drug Metab Dispos DO - 10.1124/dmd.120.000074 SP - DMD-MR-2020-000074 AU - Yang Xie AU - Wen Xie Y1 - 2020/01/01 UR - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2020/06/24/dmd.120.000074.abstract N2 - The cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) are phase II conjugating enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfonate group from the universal sulfate donor 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to a nucleophilic group of their substrates to generate hydrophilic products. Sulfation has a major effect on the chemical and functional homeostasis of substrate chemicals. SULTs are widely expressed in metabolically active or hormonally responsive tissues, including the liver and many extrahepatic tissues. The expression of SULTs exhibits isoform-, tissue-, sex-, and development-specific regulations. SULTs display a broad range of substrates including xenobiotics and endobiotics. The expression of SULTs has been shown to be transcriptionally regulated by members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), liver X receptors (LXR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs), estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4 α). These NRs can be activated by numerous xenobiotics and endobiotics, such as fatty acids, bile acids, and oxysterols, many of which are substrates of SULTs. Due to their metabolism of xenobiotics and endobiotics, SULTs and their regulations are implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. This review is aimed to summarize the central role of major SULTs, including the SULT1 and SULT2 subfamilies, in the pathophysiology of liver and liver-related diseases. ER -