TY - JOUR T1 - <em>In vivo</em> gene expression profile of human intestinal epithelial cells: from the viewpoint of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics JF - Drug Metabolism and Disposition JO - Drug Metab Dispos DO - 10.1124/dmd.120.000283 SP - DMD-AR-2020-000283 AU - Kazuo Takayama AU - Kohei Ito AU - Akiko Matsui AU - Tomoki Yamashita AU - Kentaro Kawakami AU - Daisuke Hirayama AU - Wataru Kishimoto AU - Hiroshi Nakase AU - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi Y1 - 2020/01/01 UR - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2020/12/31/dmd.120.000283.abstract N2 - Orally administered drugs are absorbed and metabolized in the intestine. In order to accurately predict pharmacokinetics in the intestine, it is essential to understand the intestinal expression profiles of the genes related to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). However, in many previous studies, gene expression analysis in the intestine has been carried out using specimens from cancer patients. In this study, in order to obtain more accurate gene expression profiles, biopsy samples were collected under endoscopic observation from the non-inflammatory regions of 14 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and RNA-seq analysis was performed. Gene expression analysis of drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYPs), non-CYP enzymes, nuclear receptors, drug-conjugating enzymes (UGTs and SULTs), and apical and basolateral drug transporters was performed in biopsy samples from the duodenum, ileum, colon, and rectum. The proportions of the CYPs expressed in the ileum were 25% (CYP3A4), 19% (CYP2C18), and 14% (CYP3A5). CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 were highly expressed in the duodenum and ileum, but not in the colon and rectum. In the ileum, apical transporters such as P-gp, PEPT1, BCRP, MRP2, and ASBT were strongly expressed, and the expression levels of P-gp and ASBT in the ileum were higher than those in other regions. In the ileum, basolateral transporters such as OSTĪ±, OSTĪ², and MRP3 were strongly expressed. We succeeded in obtaining gene expression profiles of ADME-related genes in human intestinal epithelial cells in vivo. We expect that this information would be useful for accurate prediction of the pharmacokinetics of oral drugs. Significance Statement To obtain gene expression profiles of ADME-related genes in human intestinal epithelial cells in vivo, biopsy samples were collected under endoscopic observation from the non-inflammatory regions of 14 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and RNA-seq analysis was performed. Gene expression profiles of drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYPs), non-CYP enzymes, nuclear receptors, drug-conjugating enzymes (UGTs and SULTs), and apical and basolateral drug transporters in biopsy samples from the duodenum, ileum, colon, and rectum were obtained in this study. ER -