TY - JOUR T1 - The Nonclinical Disposition and PK/PD Properties of GalNAc-conjugated siRNA Are Highly Predictable and Build Confidence in Translation to Man JF - Drug Metabolism and Disposition JO - Drug Metab Dispos DO - 10.1124/dmd.121.000428 SP - DMD-MR-2021-000428 AU - Robin McDougall AU - Diane Ramsden AU - Sagar Agarwal AU - Saket Agarwal AU - Krishna Aluri AU - Michael Arciprete AU - Christopher R. Brown AU - Elena Castellanos-Rizaldos AU - Klaus Charisse AU - Saeho Chong AU - Joseph Cichocki AU - Kevin Fitzgerald AU - Varun Goel AU - Yongli Gu AU - Dale Guenther AU - Bahru Habtemariam AU - Vasant Jadhav AU - Maja Janas AU - Muthusamy Jayaraman AU - Jeffrey Kurz AU - Jing Li AU - Ju Liu AU - Xiumin Liu AU - Steven Liou AU - Christopher Maclauchlin AU - Martin Maier AU - Muthiah Manoharan AU - Jayaprakash K. Nair AU - Gabriel Robbie AU - Karyn Schmidt AU - Peter Smith AU - Christopher Theile AU - Akshay Vaishnaw AU - Scott Waldron AU - Yuanxin Xu AU - Xuemei Zhang AU - Ivan Zlatev AU - Jing-Tao Wu Y1 - 2021/01/01 UR - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2021/06/29/dmd.121.000428.abstract N2 - Conjugation of oligonucleotide therapeutics, including small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) or antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligands has become the primary strategy for hepatocyte-targeted delivery, and with the recent approvals of GIVLAARI® (givosiran) for the treatment of acute hepatic porphyria, OXLUMOTM (lumasiran) for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria, and Leqvio® (inclisiran) for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, the technology has been well-validated clinically. While much knowledge has been gained over decades of development there is a paucity of published literature on the DMPK properties of GalNAc-siRNA. With this in mind the goals of this mini-review are to provide an aggregate analysis of these nonclinical ADME data to build confidence on the translation of these properties to human. Upon subcutaneous administration, GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs are quickly distributed to the liver, resulting in plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) properties that reflect rapid elimination through ASGPR-mediated uptake from circulation into hepatocytes. These studies confirm that liver PK, including half-life and, most importantly, siRNA levels in RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) in hepatocytes are better predictors of pharmacodynamics (PD) than plasma PK. Several in vitro and in vivo nonclinical studies were conducted to characterize the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties of GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs. These studies demonstrate that the PK/PD and ADME properties of GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs are highly conserved across species, largely predictable, and can be accurately scaled to human, allowing us to identify efficacious and safe clinical dosing regimens in the absence of human liver PK profiles. Significance Statement Several nonclinical ADME studies have been conducted in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the disposition and elimination of GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs and the PK/PD translation between species. These studies demonstrate that the ADME properties of GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs are well correlated and predictable across species building confidence in the ability to extrapolate to human. ER -