PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Pooja Dhurjad
AU  - Chinmayi Dhavaliker
AU  - Kajal Gupta
AU  - Rajesh Sonti
TI  - Exploring Drug Metabolism by the Gut Microbiota: Modes of Metabolism and Experimental Approaches
AID  - 10.1124/dmd.121.000669
DP  - 2022 Mar 01
TA  - Drug Metabolism and Disposition
PG  - 224--234
VI  - 50
IP  - 3
4099  - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/50/3/224.short
4100  - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/50/3/224.full
SO  - Drug Metab Dispos2022 Mar 01; 50
AB  - Increasing evidence uncovers the involvement of gut microbiota in the metabolism of numerous pharmaceutical drugs. The human gut microbiome harbors 10–100 trillion symbiotic gut microbial bacteria that use drugs as substrates for enzymatic processes to alter host metabolism. Thus, microbiota-mediated drug metabolism can change the conventional drug action course and cause inter-individual differences in efficacy and toxicity, making it vital for drug discovery and development. This review focuses on drug biotransformation pathways and discusses different models for evaluating the role of gut microbiota in drug metabolism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This review emphasizes the importance of gut microbiota and different modes of drug metabolism mediated by them. It provides information on in vivo, in vitro, ex vivo, in silico and multi-omics approaches for identifying the role of gut microbiota in metabolism. Further, it highlights the significance of gut microbiota-mediated metabolism in the process of new drug discovery and development as a rationale for safe and efficacious drug therapy.