Effects of watercress consumption on urinary excretion of 7OHC1-a
| Subject | 7OHC, 0–2 h | 7OHC, 2–4 h1-e | 7OHC, Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline1-b | Watercress1-c | Change | Baseline | Watercress | Change | Baseline | Watercress | Change | |
| mg | mg | mg | |||||||
| 1 | 3.9 ± 0.43 | 3.9 (4.4, 3.5) | —1-d | 0.77 ± 0.16 | 0.93 (0.8, 1.1) | — | 4.7 ± 0.55 | 4.8 (5.2, 4.5) | — |
| 2 | 2.8 ± 0.15 | 2.1 (2.3, 1.9) | ↓ | 0.41 ± 0.040 | 1.1 (1.1, 1.2) | ↑ | 3.2 ± 0.17 | 3.2 (3.3, 3.1) | — |
| 3 | 3.4 ± 0.55 | 3.2 (3.5, 2.8) | — | 1.0 ± 0.57 | 0.80 (0.43, 1.2) | — | 4.4 ± 0.23 | 4.0 (4.0, 4.0) | — |
| 4 | 3.4 ± 0.19 | 3.3 (3.9, 2.6) | — | 0.53 ± 0.076 | 0.99 (0.83, 1.1) | — | 3.9 ± 0.11 | 4.3 (4.7, 3.8) | — |
| 5 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 1.3 (1.3, 1.4) | ↓ | 0.45 ± 0.28 | 0.31 (0.44, 0.18) | — | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 1.6 (1.7, 1.6) | — |
| 6 | 2.8 ± 0.33 | 1.9 (1.2, 2.6) | ↓ | 0.79 ± 0.28 | 1.2 (2.3, 0.11) | — | 3.6 ± 0.090 | 3.1 (3.4, 2.7) | ↓ |
| 7 | 3.3 ± 0.53 | 2.8 (3.1, 2.4) | ↓ | 0.75 ± 0.52 | 1.2 (1.3, 1.1) | — | 4.1 ± 0.37 | 4.0 (4.4, 3.6) | — |
| 8 | 2.8 ± 0.31 | 2.9 (3.4, 2.5) | — | 0.72 ± 0.16 | 0.82 (0.93, 0.71) | — | 3.5 ± 0.33 | 3.8 (4.3, 3.2) | — |
| 9 | 2.5 ± 0.91 | 2.8 (3.4, 2.3) | — | 1.3 ± 0.63 | 0.83 (0.56, 1.1) | — | 3.8 ± 0.73 | 3.7 (4.0, 3.4) | — |
| 10 | 3.5 ± 0.52 | 3.7 (3.4, 3.9) | — | 0.85 ± 0.062 | 0.51 (0.36, 0.65) | — | 4.3 ± 0.51 | 4.2 (3.8, 4.6) | — |
| 11 | 3.4 ± 0.065 | 3.5 (3.4, 3.6) | — | 0.85 ± 0.061 | 0.92 (0.87, 0.96) | — | 4.3 ± 0.12 | 4.4 (4.2, 4.5) | — |
| 12 | 3.4 ± 0.63 | 2.9 (2.7, 3.1) | ↓ | 0.76 ± 0.038 | 1.6 (1.7, 1.5) | ↑ | 4.2 ± 0.64 | 4.5 (4.4, 4.6) | — |
| 13 | 3.8 ± 0.26 | 3.6 (3.9, 3.4) | — | 0.73 ± 0.40 | 1.3 (1.3, 1.3) | ↑ | 4.5 ± 0.44 | 4.9 (5.1, 4.7) | — |
| 14 | 3.2 ± 0.50 | 2.9 (3.1, 2.8) | — | 0.90 ± 0.28 | 1.9 (1.5, 2.3) | ↑ | 4.1 ± 0.63 | 4.8 (4.6, 5.0) | ↑ |
| 15 | 3.0 ± 0.23 | 1.6 (2.7, 0.5) | ↓ | 0.79 ± 0.36 | 2.2 (1.4, 3.1) | ↑ | 3.8 ± 0.26 | 3.8 (4.0, 3.6) | — |
| Mean | 3.1 ± 0.53 | 2.8 ± 0.781-f | 0.77 ± 0.22 | 1.1 ± 0.501-g | 3.9 ± 0.60 | 3.9 ± 0.841-f | |||
↵1-a Fifteen subjects followed the protocol described under Materials and Methods. In the baseline period, 5 mg of coumarin was administered on 3 consecutive days (visits 2–4) and urine collected 0 to 2 and 2 to 4 h later. In the watercress period, 2 oz of watercress were consumed at breakfast, lunch, and dinner on the day of visits 5 and 6, and at breakfast on the day of visit 7. Coumarin (5 mg) was administered 15 min after breakfast at visits 6 and 7. Subjects 1, 4, 7 to 10, 12, and 15 are male, and subjects 2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 13, and 14 are female.
↵1-b Mean ± S.D. of 7OHC in urine samples collected 0 to 2 h after taking coumarin on 3 baseline days (visits 2–4).
↵1-c Mean of 7OHC in 0- to 2-h urine samples after taking coumarin on 2 watercress consumption days. Individual values are in parentheses.
↵1-d —, no change; ↓ or ↑, decrease or increase (≥ 0.5-mg difference from baseline).
↵1-e As in footnotes b and c, except urine was collected 2 to 4 h after coumarin dosing.
↵1-f Not significantly different from baseline.
↵1-g Significantly greater than baseline, P = 0.027.