TABLE 2

Relative hepatic and intestinal levels of XMEs in germ-free and control rats (reassociated with rat microbiota)

Immunoblot analyses were performed in samples from six animals per group, except for colon of male control rats (only five animals). Examples are presented in Fig 2. The mean level in control animals in a given tissue was set as 1. Levels in germ-free animals were expressed as a multiple of this value. Data are means ± S.D. for the individual animals.

Enzyme, Gender
Relative Level in Germ-Free Compared with Control Rats
Liver
Small Intestine
Cecum
Colon
GSTA1/2
    Male 0.9 ± 0.1 1.0 ± 0.1 3.3 ± 2.4 4.0 ± 0.5*
    Female 0.8 ± 0.1 0.8 ± 0.4 2.6 ± 1.4*** 5.0 ± 0.3**
GSTA3
    Male 1.4 ± 0.5 1.0 ± 0.2 1.5 ± 0.6 1.6 ± 0.4
    Female 1.2 ± 0.2 1.0 ± 0.2 1.0 ± 0.2 1.0 ± 0.3
GSTA4
    Male 0.9 ± 0.5 1.0 ± 0.1 0.9 ± 0.5 1.5 ± 0.3*
    Female 0.7 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 0.2 1.9 ± 0.5* 1.9 ± 0.2***
GSTM1
    Male 1.2 ± 0.2 1.0 ± 0.1 1.2 ± 0.2 1.1 ± 0.3
    Female 1.2 ± 0.3 1.1 ± 0.3 0.7 ± 0.2 1.5 ± 0.2***
GSTP1
    Male ∼1a 0.9 ± 0.1 1.0 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.2
    Female ∼1a 1.3 ± 0.3 1.0 ± 0.1 1.0 ± 0.2
GSTT2
    Male 0.9 ± 0.1 0.5 ± 0.3 0.9 ± 0.6 1.4 ± 0.4
    Female 1.0 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 1.0 0.9 ± 0.2 0.7 ± 0.2
GPX2
    Male 2.0 ± 0.5 0.9 ± 0.5 1.0 ± 0.4 1.2 ± 0.3
    Female 1.1 ± 0.2 1.1 ± 0.3 0.7 ± 0.4 1.2 ± 0.3
EPHX1
    Male 1.1 ± 0.2 1.0 ± 0.3 0.9 ± 0.8 3.5 ± 0.2**
    Female 0.7 ± 0.3 1.1 ± 0.4 1.5 ± 0.3** 2.4 ± 0.2**
EPHX2
    Male 1.1 ± 0.2 0.8 ± 0.5 1.1 ± 0.2 1.4 ± 0.2
    Female 1.6 ± 0.4* 1.0 ± 0.3 2.1 ± 0.6** 2.1 ± 0.1**
SULT1A1
    Male 1.6 ± 0.1*** — — —
    Female 1.5 ± 0.2** — — —
SULT1B1
    Male 0.9 ± 0.2 — 0.9 ± 0.1 0.4 ± 0.4*
    Female 1.0 ± 0.2 — 2.0 ± 0.8* 0.5 ± 0.1*
SULT1C1
    Male 1.7 ± 0.3* — — —
    Female 2.6 ± 0.9** — — —
SULT1C2
    Male 1.9 ± 0.8* — 0.9 ± 0.3 1.3 ± 0.6
    Female 1.7 ± 0.1** — 2.2 ± 1.2 1.6 ± 0.2*
SULT1E1
    Male 1.1 ± 0.1 — — —
    Female — — — —
SULT2A
    Male 1.0 ± 0.5 — — —
    Female 1.0 ± 0.1 — — —
NAT1
    Male 1.1 ± 0.3 0.8 ± 0.5 1.2 ± 0.3 1.7 ± 0.1*
    Female 0.9 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.2 1.3 ± 0.3 2.2 ± 0.3**
NAT2
    Male — — 2.2 ± 0.8* 1.4 ± 0.3
    Female
—
—
2.9 ± 1.0**
1.5 ± 0.2*

  • —, protein absent in both groups.

  • ↵* P < 0.05 (Student's t test).

  • ↵** P < 0.01.

  • ↵*** P < 0.001.

  • ↵ a Very low expression in germ-free and control groups.