Drug | Therapeutic Class | Transporter(s) or Active Mechanism Implicateda | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Acetylsalicylic acid | NSAID | OAT1 | Apiwattanakul et al., 1999 |
Adefovir | Antiviral | MRP4, OAT1, OAT3, secretory renal CL | Imaoka et al., 2007; Uwai et al., 2007; Varma et al., 2009 |
Amikacin | Antibacterial | Megalin | Tod et al., 2000; Nagai, 2006 |
Aminohexanoic acid, 6- | Hematologic agent | ||
Amoxicillin | Antibacterial | PEPT1, PEPT2, OAT1, secretory renal CL | Hill et al., 2002; Li et al., 2006; Varma et al., 2009 |
Ampicillin | Antibacterial | MRP4, NPT1 (mouse), PEPT1 | Yabuuchi et al., 1998; Uchida et al., 2007; Dobson and Kell, 2008 |
Atracurium | Neuromuscular blocker | ||
Azlocillin | Antibacterial | Secretory renal CL | Varma et al., 2009 |
Aztreonam | Antibacterial | Secretory renal CL | Varma et al., 2009 |
Biapenem | Antiinfective | ||
Busulphan | Immunosuppressant/antineoplastic | ||
Carbenicillin | Antibacterial | Secretory renal CL | Varma et al., 2009 |
Carboplatin | Antineoplastic | ATP7A, ATP7B | Safaei, 2006 |
Carumonam | Antibacterial | ||
Cefadroxil | Antibacterial | PEPT1, OAT1, OAT3, OAT4, secretory renal CL | Bretschneider et al., 1999; Takeda et al., 2002; Varma et al., 2009 |
Cefamandole | Antibacterial | OATs, secretory renal CL | Rizwan and Burckhardt, 2007; Varma et al., 2009 |
Cefatrizine | Antibacterial | Secretory renal CL | Varma et al., 2009 |
Cefazolin | Antibacterial | OAT1, OAT3, OAT4, MRP4, secretory renal CL | Takeda et al., 2002; Ci et al., 2007; Varma et al., 2009 |
Cefepime | Antibacterial | OCTN2 | Ganapathy et al., 2000 |
Cefetamet | Antibacterial | ||
Cefixime | Antibacterial | PEPT1, PEPT2, NPT1 (mouse) | Ganapathy et al., 1997; Yabuuchi et al., 1998 |
Cefmetazole | Antibacterial | MRP4 | Uchida et al., 2007 |
Cefodizime | Antibacterial | Unidentified transporter in isolated rat choroid plexus | Nohjoh et al., 1989 |
Ceforanide | Antibacterial | ||
Cefotaxime | Antibacterial | OAT1, OAT3, OAT4, secretory renal CL | Takeda et al., 2002; Varma et al., 2009 |
Cefotetan | Antibacterial | ||
Cefoxitin | Antibacterial | ||
Cefpirome | Antibacterial | ||
Cefprozil | Antibacterial | ||
Ceftazidime | Antibacterial | MRP4 | Uchida et al., 2007 |
Ceftizoxime | Antibacterial | MRP4, NPT1 (mouse) | Yabuuchi et al., 1998; Ci et al., 2007 |
Ceftobiprole | Antibacterial | ||
Cefuroxime | Antibacterial | Secretory renal CL | Varma et al., 2009 |
Cephalexin | Antibacterial | MATE1, secretory renal CL | Tanahara et al., 2007; Varma et al., 2009 |
Cephaloridine | Antibacterial | OAT1, OAT3, OAT4, OCTN2, NPT1 (mouse) | Yabuuchi et al., 1998; Ganapathy et al., 2000; Takeda et al., 2002 |
Cephalothin | Antibacterial | OAT1, OAT3, OAT4, NPT1 (mouse) | Yabuuchi et al., 1998; Takeda et al., 2002 |
Cephapirin | Antibacterial | ||
Cephradine | Antibacterial | MATE1, OAT1, NPT1 (mouse) | Yabuuchi et al., 1998; Rizwan and Burckhardt, 2007; Tanihara et al., 2007 |
Cidofovir | Antiviral | MRP4, OAT1, OAT3, secretory renal CL | Imaoka et al., 2007; Uwai et al., 2007; Varma et al., 2009 |
Cilastatin | Protease inhibitor | OAT3 | Takeda et al., 2001 |
Cisatracurium | Neuromuscular blocker | ||
Clavulanic Acid | Antibacterial | ||
Dalfopristin | Antibacterial | ||
Dexrazoxane | Immunosuppressant/antineoplastic | ||
Diatrizoic acid (Amidotrizoate) | Contrast agent | ||
Doxacurium | Neuromuscular blocker | ||
Doxifluridine | Immunosuppressant/antineoplastic | CNT1, secretory renal CL | Larráyoz et al., 2004; Varma et al., 2009 |
Enalaprilat | Antihypertensive | MRP2, secretory renal CL | Liu et al., 2006; Varma et al., 2009 |
Eptifibatide | Hematologic agent | ||
Ertapenem | Antibacterial | ||
Fluorescein | Contrast agent | OAT3, MRP2, active transport-driven accumulation in mitochondria | Masereeuw et al., 1994; Hawkins et al., 2007 |
Fluorouracil, 5- | Immunosuppressant/antineoplastic | AQP9, OAT2 | Tsukaguchi et al., 1998; Rizwan and Burckhardt, 2007 |
Foscarnet | Antiviral | MCT1 (rat), NPT1 (mouse) | Yabuuchi et al., 1998; Tamai et al., 1999; Kido et al., 2000 |
Fosfomycin | Antibacterial | ||
Gadoversetamide | Contrast agent | ||
Gentamicin | Antibacterial | Megalin | Tod et al., 2000; Nagai, 2006 |
Hydroxyurea | Antineoplastic | OATP2, MDR1 | Dogruel et al., 2003 |
Imipenem | Antibacterial | ||
Iohexol | Contrast agent | ||
Iopamidol | Contrast agent | ||
Iopromide | Contrast agent | ||
Iothalamic acid (iothalamate) | Contrast agent | ||
Isepamicin | Antibacterial | Megalin | Tod et al., 2000; Nagai, 2006 |
Kanamycin | Antibacterial | Megalin | Tod et al., 2000; Nagai, 2006 |
Lamifiban | Hematologic agent | ||
Melagatran | Hematologic agent | ||
Meropenem | Antibacterial | OAT1, OAT3, secretory renal CL | Shibayama et al., 2007; Varma et al., 2009 |
Metocurine | Neuromuscular blocker | ||
Metrizoate | Contrast agent | Secretory renal CL | Varma et al., 2009 |
Metronidazole | Antiprotozoal/antibacterial | ||
Mezlocillin | Antibacterial | Secretory renal CL | Varma et al., 2009 |
Miglitol | Hypoglycemic agent | ||
Mivacurium (cis/cis) | Neuromuscular blocker | ||
Moxalactam | Antibacterial | ||
Netilmicin | Antibacterial | Megalin | Tod et al., 2000; Nagai, 2006 |
Oseltamivir acid | Antiviral | Secretory renal CL, MDR1, PEPT1 | Morimoto et al., 2008; Ogihara et al., 2009; Varma et al., 2009 |
Penicillin G | Antibacterial | MRP4, OATPs, PEPT1, PEPT2, NPT1, OAT1, OAT3, secretory renal CL | Uchino et al., 2000; Varma et al., 2009 |
Piperacillin | Antibacterial | MRP4, secretory renal CL | Uchida et al., 2007; Varma et al., 2009 |
Pipecuronium | Neuromuscular blocker | ||
Probenecid | Uricosuric agent/antibacterial adjunct | OAT1, MCT6 | Murakami et al., 2005; Rizwan and Burckhardt, 2007 |
Quinaprilat | Antihypertensive | OAT3, secretory renal CL | Varma et al., 2009; Yuan et al., 2009 |
Rocuronium | Neuromuscular blocker | OATP1A2 | Dobson and Kell, 2008 |
Streptomycin | Antibacterial | ||
Sulbactam | Antibacterial | MRP4, secretory renal CL | Uchida et al., 2007; Varma et al., 2009 |
Sulbenicillin | Antibacterial | Secretory renal CL | Varma et al., 2009 |
Sulfadiazine | Antiprotozoal/antibacterial | Active uptake in leukocytes | Climax et al., 1986 |
Ticarcillin | Antibacterial | Secretory renal CL | Varma et al., 2009 |
Tobramycin | Antibacterial | MDR1, megalin | Banerjee et al., 2000; Tod et al., 2000; Nagai, 2006 |
Tomopenem | Antibacterial | ||
Zanamivir | Antiviral |
NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OAT, organic anion transporter; MRP, multidrug resistance protein; CL, clearance; PEPT, peptide transporter; NPT, sodium-phosphate transporter; OCTN, novel organic cation transporter; MATE, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein; CNT, concentrative nucleoside transporter; MCT, monocarboxylic acid transporter.
↵a Compounds classified as exhibiting net secretory renal CL based on threshold defined by Varma et al. (2009) where CLr > 1.2 · fup · glomerular filtration rate.