TABLE 1

List of herbal extracts screened for UGT1A4, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 inhibition

Test Compound	Scientific Name of Origin	% Key Components (w/w)^{^a}	Solvent^{^b}
Black cohosh rhizome extract	Cimicifuga racemosa	≥5% Total triterpenglycosides	50% Ethanol
Cranberry press juice	Vaccinium marocarpon	>40% Total proanthocyanidins	96% Ethanol
Echinacea root extract	Echinacea purpurea	3% Cichoric acid	60% Ethanol
Garlic bulb extract	Allium sativum	≥3.25% Allin	80% Methanol
Ginkgo biloba leaf extract	Ginkgo biloba	≥24% Ginkgo flavonglycosides	60% Acetone
		≥6% Terpene lactones
Ginseng root extract	Panax ginseng	≥5% Total ginsenosides	60% Ethanol
Milk thistle herb extract	Silybum marianum	37.9% Total silymarin flavonolignans	80% Acetone
Saw palmetto fruit extract	Serenoa repens	>85% Total fatty acids	96% Ethanol
		>0.1% Sterols
Valerian root extract	Valeriana officinalis	≥0.1% Valerenic acids	70% Ethanol
EGCG	Camellia sinensis	>97% EGCG	100% Methanol