TABLE 1

Pharmacokinetic parameters of levamisole in humans and dogs

Species	Gender	Dose	Route	CL_p	t_1/2	Vd_ss	AUC	C_max	T_max	CL_renal	F
				ml · min⁻¹ · kg⁻¹	h	l/kg	ng · h/ml	ng/ml	h	l/h	%
Human	M and F	150 mg	p.o.	8.04^{^a}	5.6	3.80^{^a}	3070	717	1.5	1.75	62.5^{^a}
	M (n = 7)	150 mg	p.o.	8.25^{^a}	5.4	3.79^{^a}	3070	672	1.7	1.86	61.5
	F (n = 3)	150 mg	p.o.	7.56^{^a}	5.9	3.83^{^a}	3070	820	1.1	1.50	64.7
Dog	M and F	10 mg/kg	i.v.	8.92	1.8	1.42	18,100
		10 mg/kg	p.o. (fasted)		1.3	1.39	12,200	3330	1.8
		10 mg/kg	p.o. (fed)		1.6	2.64	8940	1980	4.5

p.o., oral; i.v., intravenous; CL_p, plasma clearance; Vd_ss, steady-state distribution volume; AUC, area under the plasma concentration time curve; C_max, maximal plasma concentration; CL_renal, renal clearance of unchanged parent compound.
↵a The calculations are based on the estimated oral bioavailability, assuming average human body weight of 70 kg.